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The Effect of the Order of Combined Interval and Endurance Swimming Training on Inflammatory and Antioxidant Serum Markers in Aged Rats
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Ali Morad    , Hesam Parsa1 , Narges Torkzaban , Hamidreza Chobdari |
| 1- , parsa.h73@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (12 Views) |
Background and Objective: Given the importance of systemic modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in aging, this study investigated the effect of the order of combined swimming exercises on the blood levels of inflammatory and antioxidant markers in aged rats.
Methods: In this study, 15 aged male Wistar rats (18-20 months old) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CONT), combined interval-endurance exercise (EX1), and combined endurance-interval exercise (EX2). Both training protocols were performed for 10 weeks (5 sessions per week) in an aquatic environment. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken and protein levels of inflammatory and antioxidant markers were measured using ELISA. Data normality was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test and group means were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A significance level of (p < 0.05) was considered.
Findings: The inflammatory marker IL-1β showed a significant decrease in both training groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the case of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, both groups had a significant increase compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the antioxidant enzyme SOD activity also showed a significant increase in both training groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In general, combined swimming training, regardless of the order, reduced inflammation and increased systemic antioxidant capacity; however, exercise (EX1) showed a greater effect on blood inflammatory and antioxidant indices compared to exercise (EX2). These findings emphasize the importance of the order of combined training in training planning for the elderly population. |
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| Keywords: Concurrent Training, Aged Rats, Swimming, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation. |
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Type of Study: Original Research |
Subject:
Physical Education
Received: 2026/02/7 | Accepted: 2026/06/28
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