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The Effect of the Order of Combined Interval and Endurance Swimming Training on Inflammatory and Antioxidant Serum Markers in Aged Rats
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Ali Morad1    , Hesam Parsa2 , Narges Torkzaban1 , Hamidreza Chobdari3 |
1- MSc. Student in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran , parsa.h73@gmail.com
3- Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran |
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Abstract: (512 Views) |
Background and Aim: Given the importance of systemic modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in aging, this study investigated the effect of the order of combined swimming exercises on the blood levels of inflammatory and antioxidant markers in aged rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 aged male Wistar rats (18-20 months old) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CONT), combined interval-endurance exercise (EX1), and combined endurance-interval exercise (EX2). Both training protocols were performed for 10 weeks (5 sessions per week) in an aquatic environment. Subsequently, 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected, and protein levels of inflammatory and antioxidant markers were measured by ELISA. Data normality was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and group means were compared using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The inflammatory marker IL-1β showed a significant decrease in both training groups, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the case of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, both groups had a significant increase, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Analysis of the antioxidant enzyme SOD activity also showed a significant increase in both training groups, compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: In general, combined swimming training, regardless of the order, reduced inflammation and increased systemic antioxidant capacity; however, EX1 showed a greater effect on blood inflammatory and antioxidant indices, compared to EX2. These findings emphasize the importance of the order of combined training in training planning for the elderly population |
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| Keywords: Concurrent Training, Aged Rats, Swimming, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation. |
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Full-Text [PDF 789 kb]
(19 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original Research |
Subject:
Physical Education
Received: 2026/02/7 | Accepted: 2026/06/28 | Published: 2026/08/20
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