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Central Library of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
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:: Volume 28, Issue 3 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2023) ::
SJKU 2023, 28(3): 58-67 Back to browse issues page
Antifungal Activity of Ephedra major Extract against Candida Albicans (ATC1677), Candida Tropicalis (CBS94), and Candida Globrata (CBS2175)
Faranak Bidad1 , Mahboobeh Madani2 , Seyed-Mohammad Masoumi3 , Pegah Shakib4
1- MSC of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2- Associate Professor of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran , mmadani66@gmail.com
3- Associate Professor of Biology. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4- Assistant Professor of Medical Bacteriology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Abstract:   (1445 Views)
Background and Aim: Candida species are among the major causes of opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, cancer patients, and organ transplants patients. Resistance to the antifungal medications has been on the rise. On the other hand, there have been several reports about the antimicrobial effects of different species of Ephedra major extract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal effects of Ephedra major against some Candida species.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental-laboratory study, after collecting E. major in the spring of 2014 from the mountains located in the west of Kermanshah Province, plant extraction was performed with ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform solvents. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of E. major against Candida albicans (ATC1677), Candida tropicalis (CBS94), and Candida glabrata (CBS2175) were evaluated by macrodilution method. Then its chemical composition was determined by GC-MS.
Results: Based on the results of this study, ethanolic, methanolic, petroleum ether, and chloroform extracts of Ephedra major had antifungal effects. Also, the most desirable rate of MIC and MFC were 15.6 and 31.25 mg/ml respectively for chloroform extract against Candida glabrata. The results of GC-MS also showed that phenolic compounds were the most abundant compounds in this plant.
Conclusion: The results showed that the anti-candidal activity of ethanolic, methanolic, petroleum ether, and chloroform extracts of E. major was considerable.
 
Keywords: Candida, Ephedra major, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum fungicidal concentration
Full-Text [PDF 476 kb]   (605 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research | Subject: Parasitology and Mycology
Received: 2021/07/15 | Accepted: 2022/07/6 | Published: 2023/07/31
References
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22. Zibaei M, Salehi S, Jafari Z, Bahadory S, Firoozeh F, Shahivand M. In vitro assessment of the protoscolicidal activities of the Ephedra major methanol extracts.Int J Enteric Pathog.2017;5(1):5-8. [DOI:10.15171/ijep.2017.02]
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24. Deabes MM, Allayeh AK, Seif MM, Rasmey A-HM, Naguib KM. Antiviral, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Potential Activities of Ephedra Sinica in Vitro. Jordan J Biol Sci. 2020;13(3);313-320.
25. Abdullah A. Alyousef.Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of Different Parts of Myrtus communis Growing in Saudi Arabia against Candida Spp. J Nanomater. 2021; 2021: 3484125. [DOI:10.1155/2021/3484125]
26. Mikaeili A, Modarresi M, Mozafari K. Investigation of antifungal effect of Ephedra major against Microsporum gypseum. Sci J Kurd Univ Med Sci. 2015; 20 (3) :33-44.
27. Torabzadeh Khorasani P, Panahi P, Sabokbar A, Mokhtari A. Antibacterial activity evaluation of Ephedra Major Host acetonic, aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. J Comp Pathobiol. 2010;6(4):91-98.
28. de Melo AV, Zuza-Alves D, da Silva-Rocha W, de Souza LFC, Francisco E, de Azevedo Melo AS, et al. Virulence factors of Candida spp. obtained from blood cultures of patients with candidemia attended at tertiary hospitals in Northeast Brazil. J Mycol Med. 2019;29(2):132-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.02.002] [PMID]
29. Khadija B, Abbasi A, Khan S, Nadeem M, Badshah L, Faryal R. Isolation of pathogenic Candida species from oral cavity of postpartum females, and its association with obstetric and dental problems. Microb pathog. 2019;131:40-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.022] [PMID]
30. Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Martínez-Herrera E, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Fida M, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:28. [DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2020.544480] [PMID] []
31. Jabra-Rizk MA, Kong EF, Tsui C, Nguyen MH, Clancy CJ, Fidel Jr PL, et al. Candida albicans pathogenesis: fitting within the host-microbe damage response framework. Infect immun. 2016;84(10):2724-39. [DOI:10.1128/IAI.00469-16] [PMID] []
32. Poulain D. Candida albicans, plasticity and pathogenesis. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2015;41(2):208-17. [DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2013.813904] [PMID]
33. El Rabey HA, Almutairi FM, Alalawy AI, Al-Duais MA, Sakran MI, Zidan NS, et al. Augmented control of drug-resistant Candida spp. via fluconazole loading into fungal chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;141:511-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.036] [PMID]
34. Morace G, Perdoni F, Borghi E. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida species. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2014;2(4):254-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jgar.2014.09.002] [PMID]
35. Soliman SS, Semreen MH, El-Keblawy AA, Abdullah A, Uppuluri P, Ibrahim AS. Assessment of herbal drugs for promising anti-Candida activity. MC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):1-9. [DOI:10.1186/s12906-017-1760-x] [PMID] []
36. Nejad BS, Rajabi M, Mamoudabadi AZ, Zarrin M. In vitro anti-candida activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of heracleum persicum fruit against phatogenic candida species. Jundishapur j microbiol. 2014;7(1). [DOI:10.5812/jjm.8703] [PMID] []
37. Parsaeimehr A, Sargsyan E, Javidnia K. A comparative study of the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity and total content of phenolic compounds of cell cultures and wild plants of three endemic species of Ephedra. Molecules. 2010;15(3):1668-78. [DOI:10.3390/molecules15031668] [PMID] []
38. Aghdasi M, Mofid Bojnoordi M, Mianabadi M, Nadaf M. Chemical components of the Ephedra major from Iran. Nat prod res. 2016;30(3):369-71. [DOI:10.1080/14786419.2015.1058794] [PMID]
39. Ghanbari Hamedani S, Asri Y, Mehregan I. Genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian Ephedra major. Rostaniha. 2020;21(2):231-47.
40. Zhang B-M, Zhi-Bin W, Ping X, Qiu-Hong W, He B, Kuang H-X. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Ephedra. Chin j nat med. 2018;16(11):811-28. [DOI:10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30123-7] [PMID]
41. El-Kamali HH, EL-Karim EMA. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used in Sudanese traditional medicine for treatment of wound infections. J Plant Sci. 2009;2(4):246-51.
42. Zareii B, Seyfi T, Movahedi R, Cheraghi J, Ebrahimi S. Antibacterial effects of plant extracts of Alcea digitata L., Satureja bachtiarica L. and Ferulago angulata L. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2014;16(1):31-7.
43. Hoseini S, Joshaghani H. EvaluationEvaluation of antifungal activity of essential oil of Carvacrol on standard Fluconazole sensitive and resistance strains of Candida albicans. Med Lab J. 2011;5(2):28-33.
44. Gholampour-Azizi I, Rouhi S, Yahyayi F. In vitro antifungal activity of Cucumis melo on Candida albicans. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2015;17(7). [DOI:10.17795/zjrms1019]
45. Kumar SS, Kamaraj M. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Cucumis anguria L. against clinical pathogens. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2010;7(2):176-8.
46. Saratale RG, Benelli G, Kumar G, Kim DS, Saratale GD. Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of an ancient herbal medicine, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), evaluation of their antioxidant, anticancer potential, and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018;25(11):10392-406. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-9581-5] [PMID]
47. Kim JH, Do E-J, Lee G. Investigation of anti-microbial activity of herbal medicines used as natural preservatives based on the analysis of papers and patents. J Physiol & Pathol Korean Med. 2015;29(1):101-13. [DOI:10.15188/kjopp.2015.02.29.1.101]
48. Jeenkeawpieam J, Yodkeeree S, Andrianopoulos A, Roytrakul S, Pongpom M. Antifungal activity and molecular mechanisms of partial purified antifungal proteins from Rhinacanthus nasutus against Talaromyces marneffei. J Fungi. 2020; 6(4): 333. [DOI:10.3390/jof6040333] [PMID] []
49. Zibaei M, Salehi S, Jafari Z, Bahadory S, Firoozeh F, Shahivand M. In vitro assessment of the protoscolicidal activities of the Ephedra major methanol extracts.Int J Enteric Pathog.2017;5(1):5-8. [DOI:10.15171/ijep.2017.02]
50. Bagheri-Gavkosh S, Bigdeli M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Inhibitory effects of Ephedra major host on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. Mycopathologia. 2009;168(5):249-55. [DOI:10.1007/s11046-009-9220-x] [PMID]
51. Deabes MM, Allayeh AK, Seif MM, Rasmey A-HM, Naguib KM. Antiviral, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Potential Activities of Ephedra Sinica in Vitro. Jordan J Biol Sci. 2020;13(3);313-320.
52. Abdullah A. Alyousef.Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of Different Parts of Myrtus communis Growing in Saudi Arabia against Candida Spp. J Nanomater. 2021; 2021: 3484125. [DOI:10.1155/2021/3484125]
53. Mikaeili A, Modarresi M, Mozafari K. Investigation of antifungal effect of Ephedra major against Microsporum gypseum. Sci J Kurd Univ Med Sci. 2015; 20 (3) :33-44.
54. Torabzadeh Khorasani P, Panahi P, Sabokbar A, Mokhtari A. Antibacterial activity evaluation of Ephedra Major Host acetonic, aqueous and alcoholic extracts against standard strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. J Comp Pathobiol. 2010;6(4):91-98.
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Bidad F, Madani M, Masoumi S, Shakib P. Antifungal Activity of Ephedra major Extract against Candida Albicans (ATC1677), Candida Tropicalis (CBS94), and Candida Globrata (CBS2175). SJKU 2023; 28 (3) :58-67
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Volume 28, Issue 3 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2023) Back to browse issues page
مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
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