Background and Aim: Cancer patients are faced with excruciating pain for which adaptation is painful. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a structural model of pain acceptance based on mindfulness and the difficulty of emotional regulation with a mediating role of resilience in cancer patients. .

Materials and Methods: The present study was based on structural equations and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study consisted of all people with cancer who referred to health centers and clinics in Sanandaj in 2019. From this statistical population, based on Hair's rule for sampling in structural equations, 200 samples were selected by available methods. Tools included the Pain Resilience Questionnaire, the Emotional Regulation Difficulty Scale, the Five-Dimensional Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Chronic Pain Adaptation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Amos - SEM.

Results: The findings of this study indicated that the variables of difficulty in emotional regulation and mindfulness in interaction with the mediating role of resilience are effective in explaining the acceptance of pain in cancer patients. The direct effect of emotional regulation difficulty (-0.57), mindfulness (0.78) and resilience (0.22) on estimating pain acceptance of cancer patients was significant (p <0.05). The indirect effect of emotional regulation difficulty on pain acceptance through resilience is significant (p<0.05). Also, the indirect effect of mindfulness on pain acceptance through resilience is significant (p <0.05). The total direct and indirect effects of the difficulty of emotional regulation and mindfulness on pain acceptance are (β = 0.747 and β = 0.870), respectively, which indicates the significance of the total effect of these two pathways.

Conclusion: Enhancing resilience and mindfulness and reducing the difficulty of emotional regulation will lead to better acceptance of chronic pain in cancer patients.