|
A Narrative Review of The Modulatory Effects of Vitamins in the Course of Covid-19 Disease
|
Mohaddeseh Larypoor1    , Mehdi Shamsi2 , Mona Maleki3 , Atefeh Tazari3 , Mohammad Soroosh Farhadi3 |
1- .Assistant Professor of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. , m.larypoor@iau-tnb.ac.ir
2- MMycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- PhD student in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
|
|
Abstract: (1231 Views) |
Background and Aim: Covid-19 is an infection with high mortality in vulnerable individuals. Excessive stimulation of immune cells by viral infection causes a cytokine storm. Despite use of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs, many patients die. A balanced diet is recommended for the patients. Several micronutrients (vitamins A, C, E, and D) and dietary compounds with anti-Covid activity can be used.
Materials and Methods: In the current narrative review in the time interval of the first epidemic of Covid-19 (December 2019) to April 2020, a total of 507 relevant articles were selected by using the keywords of Covid-19, enhancement, immune system, modulation, prevention, treatment, viral infection, and vitamins from popular databases/indexing websites including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus and other indexing websites.
Results: 63 highly validated and relevant published articles were selected. Their subjects were classified into different groups based on the studied vitamins.Their therapeutic mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects in the patients and normal subjects were assessed. The information about the role of vitamins in the prevention and/or treatment of Covid-19 infection was reviewed and finally, their contents were purified and listed in different formats.
Conclusion: A large part of the world population have different kinds of vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin D, and there is no specific diet to prevent the coronavirus. The researchers believe that measuring the serum level of vitamin D and compensating for the deficiency of this vitamin can be effective in preventing and fighting the disease of Covid-19, and the usual treatments for treating viral infections and changing the serum level of micronutrients can reduce the harmful effects of this disease.
|
|
| Keywords: Coronavirus, Immunomodulatory effects, Vitamins, Virus |
|
|
Full-Text [PDF 825 kb]
(436 Downloads)
|
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Nutrition Sciences and Diet Therapy
Received: 2022/06/7 | Accepted: 2023/09/5 | Published: 2024/07/10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| References |
1. Rassouli M, Ashrafizadeh H, Shirinabadi Farahani A, Akbari ME. COVID-19 management in Iran as one of the most affected countries in the world: advantages and weaknesses. Frontiers in public health. 2020 Sep 15;8:510. [ DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00510] [ PMID] [ ] 2. Cohen J, Normile D. New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm. American Association for the Advancement of Science; 2020. [ DOI:10.1126/science.367.6475.234] [ PMID] 3. Larypoor M, Frsad S. Evaluation of nosocomial infections in one of hospitals of Qom, 2008. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2011;5(3):7-17. 4. Larypoor M. An overview of food synthetic dietary supplements. Food Hygiene. 2021;11(3 (43)):1-22. 5. Parastouei K, Mirshafiey A, Eshraghian MR, Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Solaymani-Mohammadi F, Chahardoli R, et al. The effect of 1, 25 (OH) 2 D3 (calcitriol) alone and in combination with all-trans retinoic acid on ROR-γt, IL-17, TGF-β, and FOXP3 gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nutritional neuroscience. 2018;21(3):210-8. [ DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2016.1263039] [ PMID] 6. Swain SM, Baselga J, Kim S-B, Ro J, Semiglazov V, Campone M, et al. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. New England journal of medicine. 2015;372(8):724-34. [ DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1413513] [ PMID] [ ] 7. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020;323(13):1239-42. [ DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648] [ PMID] 8. Li R, Zhao W, Wang H, Toshiyoshi M, Zhao Y, Bu H. Vitamin A in children's pneumonia for a Covid-19 perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 trials. Medicine. 2022;101(42):e31289. [ DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000031289] [ PMID] [ ] 9. Rohani M, Mozaffar H, Mesri M, Shokri M, Delaney D, Karimy M. Evaluation and comparison of vitamin A supplementation with standard therapies in the treatment of patients with Covid-19. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2022;28(9):673-81. [ DOI:10.26719/emhj.22.064] [ PMID] 10. Al-Sumiadai MM, Ghazzay H, Al-Ani RK. Therapeutic effect of vitamin A on Covid-19 patients and its prophylactic effect on contacts. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2021;12(1):207-10. 11. Somi MH, Faghih Dinevari M, Taghizadieh A, Varshochi M, Sadeghi Majd E, Abbasian S, Nikniaz Z. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on the outcome severity of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Nutrition and Health. 2022 Oct 7:02601060221129144. [ DOI:10.1177/02601060221129144] [ PMID] [ ] 12. Kumrungsee T, Zhang P, Chartkul M, Yanaka N, Kato N. Potential role of vitamin B6 in ameliorating the severity of کووید-19 and its complications. Frontiers in nutrition. 2020:220. [ DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.562051] [ PMID] [ ] 13. Pandya M, Shah S, Dhanalakshmi M, Juneja T, Patel A, Gadnayak A, Dave S, Das K, Das J. Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach. Informatics in medicine unlocked. 2022 Jan 1;30:100951. [ DOI:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951] [ PMID] [ ] 14. Bae M, Kim H. The role of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in immune system against Covid-19. Molecules. 2020 Nov 16;25(22):5346. [ DOI:10.3390/molecules25225346] [ PMID] [ ] 15. Majidi N, Bahadori E, Shekari S, Gholamalizadeh M, Tajadod S, Ajami M, et al. Effects of supplementation with low-dose group B vitamins on clinical and biochemical parameters in critically ill patients with Covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2022:1-7. [ DOI:10.1080/14787210.2022.2125867] [ PMID] 16. Tan CW, Ho LP, Kalimuddin S, Cherng BPZ, Teh YE, Thien SY, et al. Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (کووید-19). Nutrition. 2020;79:111017. [ DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111017] [ PMID] [ ] 17. Beigmohammadi MT, Bitarafan S, Hoseindokht A, Abdollahi A, Amoozadeh L, Mahmoodi Ali Abadi M, et al. Impact of vitamins A, B, C, D, and E supplementation on improvement and mortality rate in ICU patients with coronavirus-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21:1-4. [ DOI:10.1186/s13063-020-04547-0] [ PMID] [ ] 18. Hsieh E, Yin MT. Continued interest and controversy: vitamin D in HIV. Current Hiv/aids Reports. 2018;15(3):199-211. [ DOI:10.1007/s11904-018-0401-4] [ PMID] [ ] 19. Liu F, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Peng Z. Intravenous high-dose vitamin C for the treatment of severe Covid-19: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ open. 2020;10(7):e039519. [ DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039519] [ PMID] [ ] 20. Zhao B, Liu M, Liu P, Peng Y, Huang J, Li M, et al. High dose intravenous vitamin C for preventing the disease aggravation of moderate کووید-19 pneumonia. A retrospective propensity matched before-after study. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:638556. [ DOI:10.3389/fphar.2021.638556] [ PMID] [ ] 21. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. Journal of medical virology. 2020 May;92(5):479-90. [ DOI:10.1002/jmv.25707] [ PMID] [ ] 22. Eckard AR, O'RIORDAN MA, Rosebush JC, LEE ST, Habib JG, Ruff JH, et al. Vitamin D supplementation decreases immune activation and exhaustion in HIV-1-infected youth. Antiviral therapy. 2018;23(4):315. [ DOI:10.3851/IMP3199] [ PMID] [ ] 23. Ilie PC, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2020 Jul;32(7):1195-8. [ DOI:10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8] [ PMID] [ ] 24. Ebadi M, Montano-Loza AJ. Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of Covid-19. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2020 Jun;74(6):856-9. [ DOI:10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0] [ PMID] [ ] 25. Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C. Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013(12). [ DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4] [ PMID] [ ] 26. Pletz MW, Terkamp C, Schumacher U, Rohde G, Schütte H, Welte T, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia: low levels of 1, 25 (OH) 2 D are associated with disease severity. Respiratory research. 2014;15(1):1-8. [ DOI:10.1186/1465-9921-15-53] [ PMID] [ ] 27. Djordjevic B, Milenkovic J, Stojanovic D, Velickov A, Djindjic B, Stoimenov TJ. Vitamins, microelements and the immune system: current standpoint in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022 Dec;128(11):2131-46. [ DOI:10.1017/S0007114522000083] [ PMID] 28. Ebadi AG, Larypoor M, Akhavan Sepahi A. Anosmia induced by Covid-19: possible mechanisms of its induction and the strategy of stem cells therapy in restoring the sense of smell. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation. 2023 Apr 21;3(2):29-37. 29. Kuo C-F, Grainge MJ, Mallen C, Zhang W, Doherty M. Comorbidities in patients with gout prior to and following diagnosis: case-control study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2016;75(1):210-7. [ DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206410] [ PMID] [ ] 30. Cervero M, López-Wolf D, Casado G, Novella-Mena M, Ryan-Murua P, Taboada-Martínez ML, et al. Beneficial Effect of Short-Term Supplementation of High Dose of Vitamin D3 in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Prospective Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2022:2428. [ DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.863587] [ PMID] [ ] 31. Sabico S, Enani MA, Sheshah E, Aljohani NJ, Aldisi DA, Alotaibi NH, et al. Effects of a 2-week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation on recovery of symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2170. [ DOI:10.3390/nu13072170] [ PMID] [ ] 32. Maghbooli Z, Sahraian MA, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S, Asadi A, Zarei A, Zendehdel A, et al. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcifediol) is associated with a reduction in the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio marker of disease severity in hospitalized patients with کووید-19: a pilot multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Endocrine Practice. 2021;27(12):1242-51. [ DOI:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.016] [ PMID] [ ] 33. Annweiler C, Hanotte B, de l'Eprevier CG, Sabatier J-M, Lafaie L, Célarier T. Vitamin D and survival in Covid-19 patients: A quasi-experimental study. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2020;204:105771. [ DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105771] [ PMID] [ ] 34. De Niet S, Trémège M, Coffiner M, Rousseau A-F, Calmes D, Frix A-N, et al. Positive effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients hospitalized for Covid-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022;14(15):3048. [ DOI:10.3390/nu14153048] [ PMID] [ ] 35. Meltzer DO, Best TJ, Zhang H, Vokes T, Arora V, Solway J. Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with Covid-19 test results. JAMA network open. 2020 Sep 1;3(9): e2019722-. [ DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722] [ PMID] [ ] 36. Fatemi A, Ardehali SH, Eslamian G, Noormohammadi M, Malek S. Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 severity and mortality in Iranian people: a prospective observational study. Acute and Critical Care. 2021 Nov 29;36(4):300-7. [ DOI:10.4266/acc.2021.00605] [ PMID] [ ] 37. Erol SA, Tanacan A, Anuk AT, Tokalioglu EO, Biriken D, Keskin HL, et al. Evaluation of maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with COVID‐19 and its association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(4):2350-8. [ DOI:10.1002/jmv.26725] [ PMID] 38. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the Covid-19 crisis. Nutrients. 2020 May 27;12(6):1562. [ DOI:10.3390/nu12061562] [ PMID] [ ] 39. Larypoor M, Abdollahi M. A review of the causes of incidence, transmission, and clinical signs of coronary pandemic an unknown crisis in the world. Journal of Emergency Management. 2021. 40. Altieri B, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Mathieu C, Vallone CV, Mascitelli L, et al. Does vitamin D play a role in autoimmune endocrine disorders? A proof of concept. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2017;18(3):335-46. [ DOI:10.1007/s11154-016-9405-9] [ PMID] |
|
| Send email to the article author |
|
|
|
| Add your comments about this article |
|
|
|
|
Larypoor M, Shamsi M, Maleki M, Tazari A, Farhadi M S. A Narrative Review of The Modulatory Effects of Vitamins in the Course of Covid-19 Disease. SJKU 2024; 29 (2) :111-131 URL: http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-7380-en.html
|
