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Role of Clinical Examination in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
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Hassan Moaiery    1, Mojgan Nabatzade2 , Esmaeil Akbari3 , Boshra Zareei4 , Aziz Rasouli5 |
1- Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, , moaiery@gmail.com
2- MD, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Professor, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- PhD Student of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
5- MSc of Epidemiology. Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran |
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Abstract: (2355 Views) |
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. Timely use of appropriate diagnostic methods in the early stages of this cancer can reduce its consequences and mortality.
Materials and Methods: 287 women with breast mass referring to the Breast Cancer Research Center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran) participated in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data, clinical manifestations and drug history were recorded. Clinical examinations were carried out by a qualified physician. Finally, the correspondence between the data obtained from the clinical examinations with the pathologic results was evaluated.
Results: 287 women with breast cancer (age range: 22-84 year old) participated in the study. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of participants’ age was 47.71±11.62. Based on pathology results 64 subjects (22.30%) had benign and 223 (77.70%) had malignant lesions. 37 subjects (12.89%) had benign and 250 (87.11%) had malignant lesions on the basis of the clinical breast examination (CBE). Sensitivity and specificity of CBE were 98.21% and 51.56%, and also, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 87.6% and 89.19% respectively. Younger women were less likely to have malignant breast mass compared to older women. Moreover, a significant difference was found between unemployed and employed women as well as between menopausal and non menopausal women.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that clinical examination by skilled physicians can still be an important, highly sensitive and reliable method for diagnosis of breast cancer, especially in the patients who had breastfed their infants for more than 24 to 72 months, and menopausal women or patients with more than 3 pregnancies. |
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| Keywords: Breast cancer, Clinical breast examination, Sensitivity, Specificity |
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Full-Text [PDF 843 kb]
(708 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Medicine - General Surgery
Received: 2019/12/28 | Accepted: 2020/10/3 | Published: 2022/01/3
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