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Background and Aim: Insomnia is a common disorder with a chronic course. Consequences of chronic insomnia can affect quality of life. Determination of these consequences can be useful in designing treatment plans for these patients. This study aimed to determine the consequences of chronic insomnia.

Martial and Methods: The study was performed by a qualitative approach via conventional content analysis. Using purposeful sampling, we selected 17 patients with chronic insomnia from sleep disorders research center of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by semi structure interview over a 6 month period (March to September 2014). All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively.

Results: Insomnia consequences were categorized in three main levels, health, functional and financial consequences. Health related consequences included wide spectrum of physical, psychological, and cognitive problems. The functional and financial consequences consisted of several aspects of impairment in individual and family function, and costs associated with chronic insomnia.

Conclusion: The results showed that chronic insomnia not only affected physical, mental, and cognitive status, but also individual and family function, and resulted in increased costs. Attention to these consequences is recommended for treatment planning.

Keywords: Chronic insomnia, Consequences, Qualitative study, Content analysis.

 

Received: Apr 27, 2015      Accepted: Jul 6, 2015

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Background and Aim: Physical and psychological outcomes are one of the most important problems in patients with liver cancer, which can affect new patients' ability and their quality of life. Regarding the necessity of reducing and eliminating these consequences, the study was conducted to investigate the consequences of surgery in patients with liver cancer.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 53 patients with liver cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran using the available sampling method from November 2019 to June 2020. During the study, Functional Cancer Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity, Edmonton Symptom Evaluation, and Demographic Characteristics were used in two stages (before and one month after the treatment). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21, descriptive statistics, Pair T-test, and correlation.
Results: Fatigue, loss of appetite, pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other problems were significantly increased in comparison with the pre-treatment period (p˂0.05). There was a significant relationship between these outcomes and the quality of life of the patients (p˂0.001).
Conclusion: Patients with cancer have experienced moderate to severe physical, and psychological consequences. Considering the impact of these outcomes on the survival and quality of life, one of the important tasks in the cancer department is, to prevent, identify, and control the complications of liver cancer treatment.

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Background and Aim: Amniotic fluid is an effective indicator for placental function and fetal development. Evaluating amniotic fluid volume is one of the main ways to assess fetal health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the amniotic fluid index on pregnancy consequences in Sabzevar City.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 240 pregnant women referring to Shahidan Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar. Based on the amniotic fluid index, the women were divided into three groups: normal amniotic fluid, borderline index and less than 5 cm. All maternal and neonatal consequences were investigated in the three groups. Using SPSS-ver. 20 software, chi-square and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference among the three groups in terms of cesarean, meconium excretion, and neonatal hospitalization rates in newborn intensive care unit. In the oligohydramnios group; the above mentioned variables were higher than in the other two groups (p<0.05). There were no significant difference among the three groups in regard to Apgar scores of 1 and 5 minutes, oxytocin consumption in the first and second stages of labor and neonatal weight (p>0.05). There was no neonatal death in the three groups.

Conclusion: The results showed that oligohydramnios is one of the important factors affecting pregnancy outcome. We found no significant difference in adverse pregnancy consequences between pregnancies with borderline and normal amniotic fluid index. Our  study does not support the benefits of intensive care in evaluating the prenatal fetus in pregnancy with borderline amniotic fluid.