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Background and Aim: Cerebellar degeneration is characterized by disturbance in complex motor functions, balance, muscular strength and motor learning. This study investigated the effect of systemic transplantation of human adipose stem cells (hMSCs) primed with valproic acid (VPA) on amelioration of motor disorders in animal model of cerebellar degeneration.
Material and Methods: After inducing unilateral lesion in rat cerebellum (Folia VI) by quinolinic acid, CM-DiI  labeled hMSCs isolated from adipose tissue by liposuction, were primed with VPA for 48h and transplanted by way of the jugular vein, systemically. Then, we used cylinder, rotarod, hanging wire and beam balance test to assess motor functions in a period of 6 weeks after transplantation.
Results: Six weeks after transplantation surviving hMSCs were detectable in the lesion site. The hMSC transplanted group showed markedly improved functional performance in motor learning, locomotor asymmetry, dysmetria, and neuromuscular strength and balance, in the first 6 weeks after transplantation compared to the control group. On the other hand, transplantation of VPA primed hMSCs led to a better amelioration in motor functions compared to non-primed hMSCs transplantation in the rats.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, cell therapy by means of VPA primed hMSCs can result in improved migration and homing capacity which can be regarded as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebellar diseases.

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Background and Aim: Octopamine herbal supplement, recommended for weight loss along with exercise, has antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic training and octopamine on inflammatory factors of brown adipose tissue produced as a result of feeding with deeply heated oil in male rats.
Materials and Methods: 30 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into control-poisoning (CP; n=6), training-poisoning (TP; n=6), supplement-poisoning (SP; n= 6), supplement-training-poisoning (STP; n=6), and healthy control (HC; n=6) groups. The rats were fed for four weeks with deeply heated oil. The training program continued for four weeks with an average intensity of 50-65% vo2max for 20 minutes every other day. Octopamine (81 µmol / kg) was given as a supplement 5 days a week for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal injection. Also, we used real-time PCR and Western blot methods to evaluate the expressions of the CCR2 gene and MCP1 protein respectively.
Results: The results showed that after training, MCP1 gene expression was significantly lower in the SP (p=0.001), TP (p=0.027), and STP (p=0.013) groups than that in the CP group. Also, we found that CCR2 gene expression was significantly lower in the SP (p=0.013) compared to that in the CP group, but, the least rate of CCR2 gene expression belonged to the TP and STP groups CP (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic training with octopamine supplementation does not have synergistic effects on CCR2 and MCP-1 gene modifications although aerobic training or octopamine supplementation alone can affect the gene modifications.