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ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Atrial Fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias. Most statistical analyses had been performed on intra atrial electrocardiograms while, diagnosis of this disorder is made more commonly by use of surface electrocardiogram. The aim of this study was to investigate the abnormality of the electrical system of the heart by using the 12-lead ECG. Materials and Methods: The 12-lead ECGs of 5 patients with atrial fibrillation and that of a healthy subject were studied for 2.5 minutes and compared with each other. Results: our study showed that in both normal and abnormal hearts, (V1, V2, V3), (V4, V5, V6), (I, II, III) and (aVR, aVF, aVL) were correlated. The correlation between I, II, III leads had no relation to AF whereas correlation between aVR, aVF and aVL decreased in the patients. Conclusion: This study showed that we can consider both focus and reentrant theories acceptable for explanation of electrical behavior of heart in AF patients. Key words: Time series, Electrocardiogram, Atrial Fibrillation. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: April 26, 2010 Accepted: Dec 4, 2010

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ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Nowadays, the effect of medicinal plants on the reduction of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis has been confirmed. Liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) is a key regulatory enzyme in the glycerolipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sesame oil on liver PAP activity, liver triglyceride, liver cholesterol and serum lipoprotein levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Material and Methods: In this experimental study 27 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=9). Group1 (control) was fed with standard diet. Group II (hypercholesterolemic group) animals received hypercholesterolemic diet (1%) without treatment. Group III was fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (1%) plus sesame oil (5%). After two months, liver PAP activity, liver triglyceride and cholesterol content, serum lipoproteins and malondialdehyde, and antioxidant capacity were measured. One way ANOVA was used for analysis of the mean values of the variables and for pair-wise comparison of the groups we used Tukey’s test. Results: Group III had a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the liver PAP activity compared to group II. In group II, consumption of the enriched cholesterol diet led to a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in serum lipoproteins compared to group I (control). Also, sesame oil in group III decreased the serum lipoproteins, liver triglyceride, and liver cholesterol in comparison to group II (p<0.05). However, a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in serum antioxidant capacity and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level occurred in group III compared to group II (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sesame oil can be effective in reducing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases by decreasing serum lipids through making desirable alterations in serum lipoproteins. Also addition of sesame oil to hypercholesterolemic diets can reduce the liver PAP activity resulting in reduced liver triglyceride synthesis, which can decrease the risk of development of fatty liver in hypercholesterolemic diets. Conflict of Interest: Nil Received: Feb 25, 2012 Accepted: Feb 6, 2013

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ABSTRACT Introduction: In all countries a part of household income is spent on health-related costs. The amount and distribution of this financial contribution impose a significant burden of health problems to communities. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of household’s direct payments for health care services and health equipment in Kurdistan. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 1518 households living in urban and rural areas of Kurdistan, in winter of 1388, and they were divided into 150 clusters. Every cluster included 10 households. Data were collected by using a questionnaire consisted of two parts: household characteristics and household health expenses including outpatient costs, the costs of hospitalization, medicines, medical equipment, nursing care, paramedical and medical diagnostic measures. The costs of outpatient health care services (visits, diagnosis, drug prescription and medical devices) and hospitalization were determined during four weeks for each member of the family or the total costs and expenses paid by the household were recorded in the questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using spss.16 software and mean, standard deviation and median were calculated. Results: People contribution for prescription drugs was 43/3% and for other non-prescription drugs and consumer goods was 100%, for durable medical equipment 95/4%, for diagnostic measures especially in private offices, clinics or home 75/5%.Household contributions to the cost of medical services by GP, medical specialists, psychiatrists and dentists were 62/3%, 76/5%, 75/5% and 80/9 % respectively. 13/8% of the inpatient fees were paid by the patients. The mean cost of family health services in our study was 85380±252012 with a median of 41050 Toman .The out-of-pocket payment by people was 55%. Conclusions: In general, considering the high percentage of people’s contribution to health service costs, expansion of the roles of the insurance organizations to achieve the objectives of coverage of over 90% of population and increasing public and private sector contribution to more than 70 % in health services, is essential. Key Words: Health cost, Households contribution, Medicaid, Inpatient services Received: Aug 19, 2012 Accepted: Jan 28, 2013 Conflict of interest: None declared

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Background and Aim: Considering the physical and psychological benefits of aerobic exercise and complications of menstrual disorders as familial and social problems, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on menstrual cycle disorders and levels of estrogen and progesterone in non athlete women.

Material and Methods: In this study, 20 women with menstrual disorder were randomly divided into two experimental (age: 23.6±3.1 years, height: 161.0±4.2 cm, weight: 58.2± 6.2 kg) and control groups (age: 23.4±3.2 years, height: 162±5.1cm, weight: 57.5± 7.1kg). The experimental group performed 8 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise with 60-85% MHR. Before and after the training period, blood samples were taken from the subjects in the follicular phase to measure the levels of sex hormones. The subjects were asked to fill out the standard questionnaire for identification of the kind of menstrual disorders. Levels of progesterone and estrogen hormones were measured using electrochemiluminescence method. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS20. p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: In the experimental group, we found a significant decrease in Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain) after 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise compared to pre exercise stage and also control groups (p<0.01). In addition, serum levels of progesterone and estrogen hormones significantly increased in comparison to pre exercise stage and control groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Regular moderate intensity endurance exercise decreases menstrual disorders probably due to increase in the estrogen and progesterone secretion. Therefore, these exercise training programs can be used as a preventive, therapeutic or adjunctive measure to control dysmenorrhea and other menstrual disorders.

Keywords: Endurance Training, Estrogen, Progesterone, Menstrual disorders.

Received: Nov 07, 2015      Accepted: Mar 06, 2016

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Background and Aim: Abortion is one of the most important medical problems which imposes a high cost on the households. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important causes of abortion and postpartum infection in the newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant women and compare its prevalence rates between women with and without a history of abortion in Tehran and also prevalence of hlyA virulence gene.
Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, from May 2016 to December 2016  clinical samples of vaginal discharge were taken from pregnant women with  and without a history of abortion. All of the samples (100 sample) were collected from the patients referring to Arash Hospital in Tehran, by a gynecologist. The women filled out a questionnaire. The pregnant women who had received antibiotic were excluded from the study. All samples were transferred to the microbiological lab, rapidly.
Results: After culture and differential tests, among 100 sample we isolated Listeria from 7 % (7 strains) of the samples (4 strains of L .monocytogenesis and 3 strains of Listeria seeligeri).
In the samples taken from pregnant women with a history of abortion we found 3 stains of L.monocytogenes and one strain of Listeria seeligeri. In the samples obtained from pregnant women without a history of abortion one stains of L .monocytogenes and 2 strains of Listeria seeligeri were detected.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant women with a history of abortion is more than that in the pregnant women without a history of abortion.
Despite the fact that this bacterium was not confirmed as a major cause of abortion in our study, but it may expose pregnant women to the risk of this problem.

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Background and Aim: Considering the importance of proper sedation in cataract surgery, this study was conducted to make a comparison between the effects of ketamine-propofol combination and fentanyl-propofol combination for sedation in phacoemulsification surgery.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 84 patients who were candidates for phacoemulsification cataract surgery were assigned to two groups. Each group consisted of 42 patients. Ketamine-propofol combination and fentanyl-propofol combination were used for induction of sedation for the first and second groups respectively. We assessed and compared sedation depth (using Ramsay score), hemodynamic parameters during operation and recovery, and satisfaction of the patients and surgeons between the two groups.
Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of baseline variables, demographic characteristics, sedation index and patient and surgeon satisfaction.
There was no significant difference between two groups in relation to blood pressure during operation and recovery periods but the heart rate at the 10th minute of the operation and at the beginning of the recovery in the ketofol group was significantly higher, and also the mean Spo2 was higher in the ketofol group at the 10th minute of operation. Patients in the ketofol group showed less hemodynamic changes.
Conclusion: Both combinations of ketamine-propofol and fentanyl-propofol were associated with the effective sedation, satisfaction of the patients and the surgeons. But generally, hemodynamic status was more stable in the patients in the ketofol group.

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Background and Aim:  Childbirth is one of the important events in women's life, and labor support is an important tissue, because the experience of giving birth may have a positive or negative impact on the women. Considering lack of a suitable questionnaire for measuring labor support behaviors, the present study aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 213 midwives in maternity hospitals of selected medical universities in Tehran from January 2017 to September 2017. Midwives were requested to complete demographic and also labor support questionnaires. At first, we assessed the face and content validity of the instrument qualitatively, and then its construct validity was carried out by confirmatory factor analysis. In order to evaluate the reliability of the instrument, internal consistency and test-retest were used.
Results: Qualitative face and content validity of the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire were approved. Also, the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 and the Pearson correlation coefficient of the t-test was 0.71, which were indicative of appropriate reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire had the necessary validity and reliability. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used as an appropriate instrument for Iranian midwives.

 

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Background and Aim: patients infected with HIV are susceptible to opportunistic infections such as candidiasis. In normal individuals, Candida spp. exist as normal flora of the mucous membranes.  In this study we compared the frequencies of different species of Candida between HIV infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and normal individuals.
Materials and Methods: This case- control study included 60 HIV positive patients receiving antiviral therapy as our case group and 60 normal individuals as control group. Oral samples were prepared by two wet swabs and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Colonies grown on the culture medium were identified by phenotyping and molecular (PCR) methods at two different temperatures.
Results: Candida species were isolated from the oral mucosa of 68.3% of HIV positive patients and 53.3% of normal individuals. Rate of colonization of oral cavity by candida showed no significant relationships with the variable parameters of TCD4+ (P = 0.12), viral load (P = 0.24), and duration of HIV infection (P = 0.92), but it had significant relationships with brushing (P= 0.001), smoking (P = 0.043) and drug abuse (P = 0.002).
Conclusion: The result showed an increased shift of the yeast colonization  from C.albicans to non- albicans species in HIV-infected subjects. Considering the susceptibility of this group to opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, regular and periodic monitoring of these patients is necessary. Tooth brushing, discontinuation of cigarette smoking and drug abuse, together with oral hygiene are recommended.
 

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Background and Aim: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common gynecologic problems among the women of childbearing age. Considering the adverse effects of chemical therapies,  we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of honey and yogurt on vaginal candidiasis.
Material and Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched databases of PubMed, ISI Web of science, Scopus, Cochrane, SID, Magiran ,Irandoc , Google Scholar, using the following sets of keywords: (Vulvovaginal candidiasis, Genital vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Candidiasis, genital vulvovaginal, Candida albicans, Monilial vaginitis, Vaginal yeast infections, Yeast infections, Vaginal, Genital candidiasis, Vulvovaginal moniliasis), (Treatment, Azole, Antifungal agents, Antifungal fungicides, Therapeutic fungicides, clotrimazole, clotrimazole),(honey, Bee-honey),yogurt,(controlled trial, clinical trial)  and their Persian equivalent .Data were analyzed by Stata software. Heterogeneity was assessed by chi-square and I2 index and we used the random effects models to pool the data.
Results: Heterogeneity analysis showed no heterogeneity between the results of studies in regard to complaints of itching, redness and vaginal inflammation and vaginal discharge caused by candida vulvovaginitis. After comparing honey & yogurt group with control group we found (95% CI: 0.09-0.99, p = 0.002, OR = 0.22) for clinical symptom of pruritus and (95% CI: 0.11-0.87; p = 0.026, OR=0.95) for clinical symptoms of redness and inflammation of vulva and vagina and and (95% CI: 0.13-0.82, OR = 0.32, p= 0.018) for vaginal discharge, which were statistically significant.
Conclusion: The results of meta-analysis showed that the effect of honey and yogurt on vaginal candidiasis was statistically significant. Therefore, honey and yogurt can be used as an alternative treatment or in addition to the chemical antifungal drugs in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Keywords: Honey, Yogurt, Vaginal candidiasis, Systematic review, Meta- analysis

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Background and Aim: This study was designed to investigate the results of the non-communicable diseases prevention and control program in Isfahan province under the supervision of the Vice Chancellor for Health of the University of Medical Sciences during the years 2017 to March 2021.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the target group was all the population over 30 years of age in Isfahan province who had referred to health centers for screening programs for non-communicable diseases and risk factors (cardiovascular and diabetes). Breast cancer screening has been performed in women aged 30 to 70 years and colorectal cancer screening has been performed in men and women aged 50 to 70 years.
Results: The number of people diagnosed with diabetes at the end of March 2021 was 148,250 and its prevalence was 11.59%. Also, the number of patients with high blood pressure registered in electronic patient record from 2017 to the end of March 2021 was 249294 (prevalence 19.74%). In colorectal cancer screening, 1593 cases of polyps were detected from 5367 colonoscopy during 4 years of program. Also, by screening 46.9% of the target population, 513 cases of breast cancer were detected.
Conclusion: In the evaluation of the process of diagnosis and patient care, an increase is evident during the years 2017 to 2019, but the decrease in the number of risk assessments and patient care in 2020-2021 is due to the COVID19 pandemic.

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Background and Aim: Periodontitis is an infectious bacterial disease that leads to increased production of cytokines including prostaglandins. During maternal delivery, the level of prostaglandin increases to the threshold level in the amniotic fluid which leads to delivery. In the presence of infection, an increase in the amount of prostaglandins may occur sooner than the due date. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontitis and low birth weight in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: 114 pregnant women (40 cases and 74 controls) participated in this case-control study. Periodontal indexes including pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated in all mothers and infants' weights were recorded. Using SPSS software version 20, data were analyzed by descriptive and quantitative tests.
Results: The results showed significant statistical differences between the two groups in regard to BOP, PI, GI (p<0.001) and PD (p<0.05). Mothers of 92.5% of neonates with birth weights of less than 2500 grams, had periodontitis, while periodontitis  was detected in the mothers of 1.4% of infants with birth weights of more than 2500 grams and this difference was statistically significant. (p<0.05)
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the periodontal condition of the pregnant women can affect neonatal birth weight. Therefore, it is necessary to design educational programs on gum diseases and their effects on the newborn before pregnancy.

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Background and Aim: Premature birth is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world and is regarded one of the major health problems. In this study, we investigated the relationship of the serum levels of omentin-1with insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in preterm infants.
Material and Methods: This study included 32 preterm and 21 full-term newborns. Serum levels of insulin and omentin-1 were measured by ELISA. Fasting blood glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured with an autoanalyzer. Hematological parameters were measured by Sysmex XS800i analyser.
Results: We found lower levels of serum omentin-1(p<0.001), significantly higher insulin levels and (p = 0.002) and significantly higher insulin resistance (p=0.011) in the preterm infants compared to the full-term infants. Hematologic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the preterm infants than in the full-term infants (p<0.001). Omentin-1 levels in the preterm infants showed a significant negative correlation with platelet and white blood cell counts (r =-0.308 and r =-0.306, respectively). Serum omentin-1 level was positively and significantly correlated with gestational age in the preterm infants (r=0.344 and p=0.012). Serum omentin-1 level had a significant negative correlation with serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (r= 0.362 and r=0.229).
Conclusion: Serum omentin-1 was lower in the preterm infants and negatively correlated with inflammatory factors and insulin resistance, and positively related to gestational age.

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Background and Aim: Chemotherapy is one of the most common methods available for the treatment of cancer. Resistance to anticancer drugs can result in failures in chemotherapy of cancers. Therefore, investigation is necessary for the discovery of new drugs. Homoisoflavonoids are well-known natural products that possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. Hence, synthesis and assessment of cytotoxicity of homoisoflavonoids containing morpholinoethoxy moiety and their molecular docking simulation were taken into consideration.
Materials and Methods: Two 7-morpholinoethoxyhomoisoflavonoids synthesized via three steps including SN₂ reaction of 7-hydroxychromanine with morpholino ethyl chloride hydrochloride in the basic media under reflux condition to produce intermediate 3. The second step included aldol condensation of the intermediate with suitable aldehydes in the presence of gaseous HCl in ethanol, and finally neutralization with NaOH 5%. The structures of the products were confirmed using IR, ¹³CNMR, and ¹HNMR techniques. Cytotoxic effects of final products on HT-29 and 3T3 cell lines were assessed. To evaluate the binding mode of compounds with tubulin protein, docking simulation was performed by using MOE.
Results: Two morpholinoethoxy homoisiflavonoids were prepared with moderate to good production yield. Cytotoxic evaluation of these compounds showed satisfactory results. The results of molecular docking simulation showed an acceptable binding energy of the interaction between the ligands with the tubulin protein binding site: (E)-7-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one= -7.3727 Kcal/mol and (E)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(2-morpholinoethoxy) chroman-4-one released -7.6838 Kcal/mol per mole of energy.
Conclusion:The results showed that compound (E)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(2-morpholinoethoxy) chroman-4-one has higher cytotoxicity than (E)-7-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one against HT-29 and 3T3 cell lines. The in-silico results confirmed the results obtained from in vitro experiments and showed three interactions between ligand (E)-3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-7-(2-morpholinoethoxy)chroman-4-one and αThr179, αThr145, and αTyr224 amino acids in tubulin active site.
 

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Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disease with high blood sugar levels. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are able to express various growth factors and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) plays an important role in regulating various processes of cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of silybinin on the expression of vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ILK under normal and high glucose conditions in OECs.

Materials and Methods: In this study, OECs were extracted from the olfactory mucosa of neonatal rats and cultured. Low (1,5M) and high (50,75 µM) concentrations of silybinin were added to the cell culture media under normal and high glucose conditions. At the end of the study, we measured the expression of VEGF and ILK proteins using western blot technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.

Results: Under high glucose conditions, low concentrations of silybinin maintained expression and at high concentrations silybinin caused a dose-dependent decrease in ILK significantly. However, under high glucose conditions, low concentrations of silybinin significantly decreased expression of VEGF but high concentrations of silybinin caused a significant dose- dependent increase in VEGF expression.

Conclusion: High glucose condition increased ILK and VEGF expression in the OECs, and treatment with lower concentrations of silybinin maintained ILK expression and decreased VEGF expression. Therefore, it seems that lower concentrations of silybinin can be effective in protecting cells from cytotoxicity due to diabetes hyperglycemia by stabilizing ILK and reducing VEGF levels.

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Background and Aim: Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that can cause opportunistic infections when the host becomes debilitated or immunocompromised. Coriander is a plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family and its leaves and seeds are widely used in traditional medicine. Coriander essential oil (E.O.) has shown antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of fluconazole alone and with coriander E.O on 39 Candida species isolated from the mouth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive individuals.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the broth microdilution tests according to the CLSI M27-S3 were applied to find the amount of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole alone and together with coriander E.O (synergism) for each Candida isolate. For this purpose, the E.O. of Coriander seeds was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus by steam hydro-distillation, and then the synergism effect of E.O. and fluconazole on Candida isolates was investigated. Data were analyzed by SPSS-25 software. Mann-Whitney, and Tukey post hoc tests, and the one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the results.
Results: Susceptibility of fluconazole was determined as follows: 69.2% of the Candida isolates were sensitive, 17.9% were resistant and 12.9% were susceptible dose-dependent (SDD). The MIC mean was 27.3 μg/ml for fluconazole, 32.7 μg/ml for coriander E.O, and 9.39 μg/ml for the combined effect of fluconazole and Coriander E.O (synergistic effects).
Conclusion: The fact that Coriander E.O has an inhibitory effect on all Candida isolates used in this study, it can be considered a capable antifungal, especially in combination with fluconazole (synergistic effects), and the antifungal effect of Coriander E.O is proposed to investigate in treating candidiasis for future clinical trials.

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Background and Aim: Aluminum phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate because of the production of phosphine gas and refractory hypotension. Based on the effect of dihydroxyacetone on the treatment of hypotension and reduction of cytochrome C oxidase, the effects of dihydroxyacetone on the level of oxidative stress factors and histology of heart and liver tissue in aluminum phosphide-poisoned male rats were investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including control (corn oil), aluminum phosphide (15 mg/kg), dihydroxyacetone (50 mg/kg) and also poisoned and treated group (aluminum phosphide (15 mg/kg) + dihydroxyacetone (50 mg/kg)). After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed and the blood, plasma, heart, and liver samples were collected then oxidative stress factors and histology of the heart and liver were investigated.
Results: Aluminum phosphide poisoning increased lipid peroxidation in red blood cells (p=0.001) and liver tissue (p=0.023) and also increased protein carbonylation in plasma (p =0.005) and red blood cells (p=0.001). After administration of dihydroxyacetone, lipid peroxidation in red blood cells (p=0.001) and liver (p=0.001) and carbonylation of proteins in red blood cells (p=0.003) and plasma (p=0.019) decreased. No significant change was observed in total plasma antioxidant capacity, carbonylation levels of the liver and heart, and lipid peroxidation in heart tissue. In addition, treatment with dihydroxyacetone significantly improved the histological changes in liver and heart tissue.
Conclusion: Dihydroxyacetone not only prevents phosphine-induced deaths but also improves oxidative stress and histology of liver and heart tissue.

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Background and Aim: Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common human cancers. Many genes have been analyzed in an attempt to better understand the process of gastric carcinogenesis, however, the underlying mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis is still poorly understood. Dermatopontin (DPT) is an extracellular matrix protein, which regulates multiple physiological processes. The present study aimed to evaluate DPT gene expression in GC.
Materials and Methods: Biopsies of 50 surgically-excised GC tissue specimens and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were examined by real-time PCR. Then, using a bioinformatics analysis we determined DPT gene expression in two different cohorts of GC patients. To determine the effect of DPT expression levels on survival outcome, a Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed. For a comprehensive analysis, DPT gene expression was evaluated in 16 different cancers.
Results: RT-PCR demonstrated that DPT gene expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues, compared to that in the normal stomach tissues. Mean DPT expression value was significantly lower in different stages of GC. Further, survival analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of DPT is positively correlated with overall survival of GC patients. A relationship was found between DPT expression and primary size of tumor. Pan-cancer analysis in 16 tumor types showed that DPT expression was lower in tumor tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that the decrease in DPT gene expression in gastric tissue may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.
 

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Background and Aim: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) industrial pollutants are one of the most important environmental pollutants whose removal is very important. PCBs are degraded biologically by several enzymes and in a multi-step process. One of these enzymes is called DHBD (2,3-dihydroxy biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase) and is encoded by the BphC gene. Enhancing the function of the enzyme and reducing the binding affinity of the enzyme to the inhibitor (tert-butanol) will improve the function of the enzyme and increase its efficiency. This research has been carried out in bioinformatics to strengthen the enzyme and weaken the inhibitory effect through mutation in the amino acids of the active site.
Materials and Methods: The amino acid sequence of the enzyme was obtained from the UniPprot database and to check similar sequences with PSI-BLAST method, similar sequences were searched from close to distant protein species. By performing multiple alignments of PSI-BLAST sequences, 250 sequences were matched. The results of sequencing the amino acids of the active site showed that some sites have variable amino acids and were used as candidates for mutagenesis. The position of the T-Butanol inhibitor was simulated using DISCOVERY software.
Results: By molecular docking with PYRX software between the wild enzyme and the substrate, the binding energy -6.2 Kcalmol-1and for the candidates of mutations resulting from the alignment, Phenylalanine 201 to Threonine (6. 9 Kcalmol-1) and Threonine 280 to serine (6. 8 Kcalmol-1) Calculated.
Conclusion: The more negative binding energy indicates the greater stability of this interaction in the mutant enzyme. As a result, these mutations will be able to improve the strength of the enzyme function. The simulation of the position of the inhibitor and the starting material in the enzyme showed that the distance of the inhibitor from the active site and the starting material is likely to be favorable if the interaction of the inhibitor on the amino acids of the active site is reduced and as a result, the binding stability of the biphenyl starting material with the enzyme is increased. Decreasing the inhibitory power will increase the catalytic power of the enzyme in the destruction of PCBs.
 

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Background and Aim: Edentulism is described as "ultimate indicator of disease burden for oral health" that affects quality of life. The most common treating method is an implant, which has a favorable survival rate for replacing lost teeth and improving the quality of life. The aim of this study is to review the rate of bone resorption, success rate and gingivitis in implants with immediate loading (IL) compared to conventional Lading (CL), which was performed as an update of the meta-analysis study by Chen J, et al (2019).
Materials and Methods: The study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, using a descriptive-analytical method and in four stages. The desired effect size included survival risk ratio and mean difference, crestal bone surface and probing depth in the group using CL implants compared to IL implants. For meta-analysis, the risk ratio, logarithm and standard deviation of the logarithm were combined using the fixed effect model. To calculate the mean difference, the weighted mean difference index was used and they were combined and compared using the fixed effect model. Cochran's Q and I² tests were used to examine heterogeneity and variance between selected studies; Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. All these analyzes were done with STATA-17.
Results: After searching the desired databases, 2089 articles were retrieved; After removing the duplicates in the Endnote-X9, 1088 articles entered the screening step based on the title, and finally 61 articles with the inclusion criteria were included in the study, that 11 new studies were added.
Conclusion: In general, the survival rate and the average crestal bone level in the IL implants compared to the CL implants were higher by 0.78 and 0.32, respectively, and the weighted average probing depth was lower by 0.25.