2. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002] [PMID]

3. Zhao X, He Q, Zeng Y, Cheng L. Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight / obesity : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J . 2021;2021(1):1-12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252 [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252] [PMID] []

4. Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017(1):1-11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7267910 [DOI:10.1155/2017/7267910] [PMID] []

5. Ou YL, Lee MY, Lin IT, Wen WL, Hsu WH, Chen SC. Obesity-related indices are associated with albuminuria and advanced kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail. 2021;43(1):1250-8. Available from: [DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2021.1969247] [PMID] []

6. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67(5):968-77. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968 [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968] [PMID]

7. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001;13(414):799-806. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414799a. [DOI:10.1038/414799a] [PMID]

8. Hirabara SM, Gorjão R, Vinolo MA, Rodrigues AC, Nachbar RT, Curi R. Molecular targets related to inflammation and insulin resistance and potential interventions. Vol. 2012, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2012. p. 1-16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/379024 [DOI:10.1155/2012/379024] [PMID] []

9. Han SH, Sakuma I, Shin EK, Koh KK. Antiatherosclerotic and Anti-Insulin Resistance Effects of Adiponectin: Basic and Clinical Studies. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;52(2):126-40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004] [PMID]

10. Boden G. Obesity, insulin resistance and free fatty acids. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes . 2011 Apr;18(2):139-43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e3283444b09 [DOI:10.1097/MED.0b013e3283444b09] [PMID] []

11. Kawai T, Akira S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(5):816-25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-13-17] [PMID] []

12. Wang Z, Wesche H, Stevens T, Walker N, Yeh W-C. IRAK-4 Inhibitors for Inflammation. Curr Top Med Chem . 2009;9(8):724-37. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802609789044407 [DOI:10.2174/156802609789044407] [PMID] []

13. Chiu L-L, Chou S-W, Cho Y-M, Ho H-Y, Ivy JL, Hunt D, et al. Effect of prolonged intermittent hypoxia and exercise training on glucose tolerance and muscle GLUT4 protein expression in rats. J Biomed Sci [Internet]. 2004;11(6):838-46. Available from: 10.1007/BF02254369 [DOI:10.1007/BF02254369] [PMID]

14. Huang S, Czech MP. The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. Cell Metab. 2007;5(4):237-52. Available from: [DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.03.006] [PMID]

15. Li W, Dai R-J, Yu Y-H, Li L, Wu C-M, Luan W-W, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of Cephalotaxus sinensis leaves and GLUT-4 translocation facilitating activity of its Flavonoid constituents. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(6):1123-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1123. [DOI:10.1248/bpb.30.1123] [PMID]

16. Yan Liang 1, Shudong Sheng, Penghua Fang, Yinping Ma, Jian Li, Qiaojia Shi, Yumei Sui MS. Exercise-induced galanin release facilitated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(3):554-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.026. [DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.026] [PMID]

17. Daugaard JR, Richter EA. Muscle- and fibre type-specific expression of glucose transporter 4, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase proteins in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Physiol. 2004;447(4):452-6. Available from: [DOI:10.1007/s00424-003-1195-8] [PMID]

18. Grygiel-Górniak B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: Nutritional and clinical implications - A review. Nutr J . 2014;13(1):1-10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-13-17] [PMID] []

19. Feige JN, Gelman L, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W. From molecular action to physiological outputs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are nuclear receptors at the crossroads of key cellular functions. Prog Lipid Res. 2006;65(2):120-59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002] [PMID]

20. Elstner E, Müller C, Koshizuka K, Williamson EA, Park D, Asou H, et al. Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptory and retinoic acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(15):8806-11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.15.8806 [DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8806] [PMID] []

21. Moinaldini S, Allahyari M, Shahouzehi B, Fallah H. Evaluation of the Effect of Co-administration of IRAK Inhibitor and Pioglitazone on PPAR-γ, GLUT-4, TNF-α, and Leptin Genes Expression in Adipose Tissue of Insulin-resistant Mice. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2021;28(2):127-38.

22. Rajaie A, Allahyari M, Nazari-Robati M, Fallah H. Inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1/4, increases gene expression and serum level of adiponectin in mouse model of insulin resistance. Int J Mol Cell Med . 2018;7(3):185-92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.7.3.185

23. Allahyari M, Rajaie A, Fallah H. IRAK inhibitor can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice fed with a high-fat diet. Asian Biomed. 2020;14(6):253-60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0034 [DOI:10.1515/abm-2020-0034] [PMID] []

24. Li Z, Younger K, Gartenhaus R, Joseph AM, Hu F, Baer MR, et al. Inhibition of IRAK1 / 4 sensitizes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to chemotherapies. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(3):1081-97. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI75821DS1 [DOI:10.1172/JCI75821DS1]

25. Yadav H, Jain S, Yadav M, Sinha PR, Prasad GBKS, Marotta F. Epigenomic derangement of hepatic glucose metabolism by feeding of high fructose diet and its prevention by Rosiglitazone in rats. Dig Liver Dis . 2009;41(7):500-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2008.11.012 [DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2008.11.012] [PMID]

26. Fu Y, Luo N, Klein RL, Timothy Garvey W. Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res. 2005;46(7):1369-79. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M400373-JLR200 [DOI:10.1194/jlr.M400373-JLR200] [PMID]

27. Mohammadi A, Fallah H, Gholamhosseinian A. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Rosa Damascena is Mediated by PPAR.γGene Expression in Animal Model of Insulin Resistance. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017;16(3):1080-8.

28. Dabravolski SA, Orekhova VA, Baig MS, Bezsonov EE, Starodubova A V., Popkova T V., et al. The role of mitochondrial mutations and chronic inflammation in diabetes. Int J Mol Sci . 2021;22(13). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136733 [DOI:10.3390/ijms22136733] [PMID] []

29. Ahmed I, Furlong K, Flood J, Treat VP, Goldstein BJ. Dual PPAR α/γ agonists: Promises and pitfalls in type 2 diabetes. Am J Ther. 2007;14(1):49-62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876140 [DOI:10.2174/138955706776876140] [PMID]

30. Leguisamo NM, Lehnen AM, Machado UF, Okamoto MM, Markoski MM, Pinto GH, et al. GLUT4 content decreases along with insulin resistance and high levels of inflammatory markers in rats with metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11(1):1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-11-100 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2840-11-100] [PMID] []

31. Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ. Antihyperglycemic and protective effects of Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder on biochemical alterations in alloxan diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(3):18-27.

32. Fernyhough ME, Okine E, Hausman G, Vierck JL, Dodson M V. PPARγ and GLUT-4 expression as developmental regulators/markers for preadipocyte differentiation into an adipocyte. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2007;33(4):367-78. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.05.001 [DOI:10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.05.001] [PMID]

33. Elmazar MM, El-Abhar HS, Schaalan MF, Farag NA. Phytol/Phytanic Acid and Insulin Resistance: Potential Role of Phytanic Acid Proven by Docking Simulation and Modulation of Biochemical Alterations. PLoS One . 2013;8(1):1-10. Available from: [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0045638] [PMID] []

34. Semple RK, Chatterjee VKK, O'Rahilly S. PPARγ and human metabolic disease. J Clin Invest . 2006;116(3):581-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI28003 [DOI:10.1172/JCI28003] [PMID] []

35. Robbins GT, Nie D. PPARgamma, Bioactive Lipids, and Cancer Progression Gregory. Bone. 2014;23(1):1-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4021. [DOI:10.2741/4021] [PMID] []

36. Kumar R, Balaji S, Uma TS, Sehgal PK. Fruit extracts of Momordica charantia potentiate glucose uptake and up-regulate Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126(3):533-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.048. [DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.048] [PMID]

37. Kim HS, Hwang YC, Koo SH, Park KS, Lee MS, Kim KW, et al. PPAR-γ Activation Increases Insulin Secretion through the Up-regulation of the Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Pancreatic β-Cells. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):23-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050128 [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0050128] [PMID] []

38. Collino M, Aragno M, Castiglia S, Miglio G, Tomasinelli C, Boccuzzi G, et al. Pioglitazone improves lipid and insulin levels in overweight rats on a high cholesterol and fructose diet by decreasing hepatic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(8):1892-902. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00671.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00671.x] [PMID] []

39. Hou C-W, Chou S-W, Ho H-Y, Lee W-C, Lin C-H, Kuo C-H. Interactive effect of exercise training and growth hormone administration on glucose tolerance and muscle GLUT4 protein expression in rats. J Biomed Sci. 2003;2003(10):689-96. Available from: [DOI:10.1007/BF02256320] [PMID]

40. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002] [PMID]

41. Zhao X, He Q, Zeng Y, Cheng L. Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight / obesity : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J . 2021;2021(1):1-12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252 [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252] [PMID] []

42. Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017(1):1-11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7267910 [DOI:10.1155/2017/7267910] [PMID] []

43. Ou YL, Lee MY, Lin IT, Wen WL, Hsu WH, Chen SC. Obesity-related indices are associated with albuminuria and advanced kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail. 2021;43(1):1250-8. Available from: [DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2021.1969247] [PMID] []

44. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67(5):968-77. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968 [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968] [PMID]

45. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001;13(414):799-806. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414799a. [DOI:10.1038/414799a] [PMID]

46. Hirabara SM, Gorjão R, Vinolo MA, Rodrigues AC, Nachbar RT, Curi R. Molecular targets related to inflammation and insulin resistance and potential interventions. Vol. 2012, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2012. p. 1-16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/379024 [DOI:10.1155/2012/379024] [PMID] []

47. Han SH, Sakuma I, Shin EK, Koh KK. Antiatherosclerotic and Anti-Insulin Resistance Effects of Adiponectin: Basic and Clinical Studies. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;52(2):126-40. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004] [PMID]

48. Boden G. Obesity, insulin resistance and free fatty acids. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes . 2011 Apr;18(2):139-43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e3283444b09 [DOI:10.1097/MED.0b013e3283444b09] [PMID] []

49. Kawai T, Akira S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(5):816-25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-13-17] [PMID] []

50. Wang Z, Wesche H, Stevens T, Walker N, Yeh W-C. IRAK-4 Inhibitors for Inflammation. Curr Top Med Chem . 2009;9(8):724-37. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802609789044407 [DOI:10.2174/156802609789044407] [PMID] []

51. Chiu L-L, Chou S-W, Cho Y-M, Ho H-Y, Ivy JL, Hunt D, et al. Effect of prolonged intermittent hypoxia and exercise training on glucose tolerance and muscle GLUT4 protein expression in rats. J Biomed Sci [Internet]. 2004;11(6):838-46. Available from: 10.1007/BF02254369 [DOI:10.1007/BF02254369] [PMID]

52. Huang S, Czech MP. The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. Cell Metab. 2007;5(4):237-52. Available from: [DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.03.006] [PMID]

53. Li W, Dai R-J, Yu Y-H, Li L, Wu C-M, Luan W-W, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of Cephalotaxus sinensis leaves and GLUT-4 translocation facilitating activity of its Flavonoid constituents. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(6):1123-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1123. [DOI:10.1248/bpb.30.1123] [PMID]

54. Yan Liang 1, Shudong Sheng, Penghua Fang, Yinping Ma, Jian Li, Qiaojia Shi, Yumei Sui MS. Exercise-induced galanin release facilitated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(3):554-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.026. [DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.026] [PMID]

55. Daugaard JR, Richter EA. Muscle- and fibre type-specific expression of glucose transporter 4, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase proteins in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Physiol. 2004;447(4):452-6. Available from: [DOI:10.1007/s00424-003-1195-8] [PMID]

56. Grygiel-Górniak B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: Nutritional and clinical implications - A review. Nutr J . 2014;13(1):1-10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-13-17] [PMID] []

57. Feige JN, Gelman L, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W. From molecular action to physiological outputs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are nuclear receptors at the crossroads of key cellular functions. Prog Lipid Res. 2006;65(2):120-59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002] [PMID]

58. Elstner E, Müller C, Koshizuka K, Williamson EA, Park D, Asou H, et al. Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptory and retinoic acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(15):8806-11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.15.8806 [DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8806] [PMID] []

59. Moinaldini S, Allahyari M, Shahouzehi B, Fallah H. Evaluation of the Effect of Co-administration of IRAK Inhibitor and Pioglitazone on PPAR-γ, GLUT-4, TNF-α, and Leptin Genes Expression in Adipose Tissue of Insulin-resistant Mice. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2021;28(2):127-38.

60. Rajaie A, Allahyari M, Nazari-Robati M, Fallah H. Inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1/4, increases gene expression and serum level of adiponectin in mouse model of insulin resistance. Int J Mol Cell Med . 2018;7(3):185-92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/IJMCM.BUMS.7.3.185

61. Allahyari M, Rajaie A, Fallah H. IRAK inhibitor can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice fed with a high-fat diet. Asian Biomed. 2020;14(6):253-60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2020-0034 [DOI:10.1515/abm-2020-0034] [PMID] []

62. Li Z, Younger K, Gartenhaus R, Joseph AM, Hu F, Baer MR, et al. Inhibition of IRAK1 / 4 sensitizes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to chemotherapies. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(3):1081-97. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI75821DS1 [DOI:10.1172/JCI75821DS1]

63. Yadav H, Jain S, Yadav M, Sinha PR, Prasad GBKS, Marotta F. Epigenomic derangement of hepatic glucose metabolism by feeding of high fructose diet and its prevention by Rosiglitazone in rats. Dig Liver Dis . 2009;41(7):500-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2008.11.012 [DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2008.11.012] [PMID]

64. Fu Y, Luo N, Klein RL, Timothy Garvey W. Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res. 2005;46(7):1369-79. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M400373-JLR200 [DOI:10.1194/jlr.M400373-JLR200] [PMID]

65. Mohammadi A, Fallah H, Gholamhosseinian A. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Rosa Damascena is Mediated by PPAR.γGene Expression in Animal Model of Insulin Resistance. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017;16(3):1080-8.

66. Dabravolski SA, Orekhova VA, Baig MS, Bezsonov EE, Starodubova A V., Popkova T V., et al. The role of mitochondrial mutations and chronic inflammation in diabetes. Int J Mol Sci . 2021;22(13). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136733 [DOI:10.3390/ijms22136733] [PMID] []

67. Ahmed I, Furlong K, Flood J, Treat VP, Goldstein BJ. Dual PPAR α/γ agonists: Promises and pitfalls in type 2 diabetes. Am J Ther. 2007;14(1):49-62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876140 [DOI:10.2174/138955706776876140] [PMID]

68. Leguisamo NM, Lehnen AM, Machado UF, Okamoto MM, Markoski MM, Pinto GH, et al. GLUT4 content decreases along with insulin resistance and high levels of inflammatory markers in rats with metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11(1):1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-11-100 [DOI:10.1186/1475-2840-11-100] [PMID] []

69. Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ. Antihyperglycemic and protective effects of Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder on biochemical alterations in alloxan diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(3):18-27.

70. Fernyhough ME, Okine E, Hausman G, Vierck JL, Dodson M V. PPARγ and GLUT-4 expression as developmental regulators/markers for preadipocyte differentiation into an adipocyte. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2007;33(4):367-78. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.05.001 [DOI:10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.05.001] [PMID]

71. Elmazar MM, El-Abhar HS, Schaalan MF, Farag NA. Phytol/Phytanic Acid and Insulin Resistance: Potential Role of Phytanic Acid Proven by Docking Simulation and Modulation of Biochemical Alterations. PLoS One . 2013;8(1):1-10. Available from: [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0045638] [PMID] []

72. Semple RK, Chatterjee VKK, O'Rahilly S. PPARγ and human metabolic disease. J Clin Invest . 2006;116(3):581-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI28003 [DOI:10.1172/JCI28003] [PMID] []

73. Robbins GT, Nie D. PPARgamma, Bioactive Lipids, and Cancer Progression Gregory. Bone. 2014;23(1):1-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4021. [DOI:10.2741/4021] [PMID] []

74. Kumar R, Balaji S, Uma TS, Sehgal PK. Fruit extracts of Momordica charantia potentiate glucose uptake and up-regulate Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126(3):533-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.048. [DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.048] [PMID]

75. Kim HS, Hwang YC, Koo SH, Park KS, Lee MS, Kim KW, et al. PPAR-γ Activation Increases Insulin Secretion through the Up-regulation of the Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Pancreatic β-Cells. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):23-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050128 [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0050128] [PMID] []

76. Collino M, Aragno M, Castiglia S, Miglio G, Tomasinelli C, Boccuzzi G, et al. Pioglitazone improves lipid and insulin levels in overweight rats on a high cholesterol and fructose diet by decreasing hepatic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(8):1892-902. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00671.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00671.x] [PMID] []

77. Hou C-W, Chou S-W, Ho H-Y, Lee W-C, Lin C-H, Kuo C-H. Interactive effect of exercise training and growth hormone administration on glucose tolerance and muscle GLUT4 protein expression in rats. J Biomed Sci. 2003;2003(10):689-96. Available from: [DOI:10.1007/BF02256320] [PMID]

78. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002 [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002] [PMID]

79. Zhao X, He Q, Zeng Y, Cheng L. Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight / obesity : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J . 2021;2021(1):1-12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252 [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046252] [PMID] []

80. Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017(1):1-11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7267910 [DOI:10.1155/2017/7267910] [PMID] []

81. Ou YL, Lee MY, Lin IT, Wen WL, Hsu WH, Chen SC. Obesity-related indices are associated with albuminuria and advanced kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail. 2021;43(1):1250-8. Available from: [DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2021.1969247] [PMID] []

82. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67(5):968-77. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968 [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968] [PMID]

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