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ABSTRACT Background and Aim: COPD is a common obstructive airway disease without complete reversal and is characterized by dyspnea, cough and sputum production. In spite of improvements in therapeutic measures, a considerable number of patients fail to achieve the treatment goals. Discrepancy between obstructive parameters and clinical manifestations is a possible cause of treatment failure. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a standard method for evaluation of clinical aspects of COPD. This test has been translated into Persian. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of Persian Version of CAT and its correlation with disease severity. Material and Methods: In a prospective descriptive analytic study, CAT scores were determined in 100 COPD patients. After 1to2 weeks 34 patients completed the questionnaire for the second time to evaluate the reliability of Persian Version of the test. Severity of obstruction was assessed by spirometry. Based on Global initiative of Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria, patients were categorized into 4 groups. Correlation between CAT scores and disease severity was evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62± 5.2SD years. Cronbach's alpha index of the Persian Version of CAT was.0 879. The mean score was 25.85(± 8.93) at the test and 25.67(±8.73) at the retest session. The intragroup reliability of the test and retest and also correlation among all questions were significant. (P<0.001) There was a significant correlation between categorization based on severity of obstruction and categorization according to the test score. Conclusion: Persian version of CAT is a reliable tool for COPD assessment and has a good correlation with disease severity associated with the obstruction of the airways. Keywords: CATquestionnaire, Chronic obstructive lung disease, GOLD classification. Received: Feb 4, 2013 Accepted: Jul 4, 2013 Conflict of interest: None declared

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Background and Aim: According to Beck's cognitive model, the experiences of the people result in development of assumptions or schemas about the self and the world. These assumptions contribute to the organization of perception and control and appraisal of behavior. Some of these assumptions are rigid and resistant to change and therefore are dysfunctional. The purpose of this study was to determine the schemas of individuals attempting suicide by self-poisoning according to Beck's cognitive model and determine their relationship to suicide. Material and Methods: This was a case–control study. Our case group (n=204) included the patients admitted to Tohid Hospital due to suicide attempt. Control group consisted of healthy individuals (n=204) who had been matched with case groups. The participants completed Young Schema Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory.Collected data were analyzed by means of logistic regression model and correlation test. Results: Results showed that enmeshment/undeveloped self-unrelenting standards/ hypercritical schemas can be risk factors for suicide attempts. Depression had correlation with emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, social isolation/alienation, and self-sacrifice schemas. In non-depressed participants, undeveloped self and emotional deprivation schemas were associated with suicide attempt. Conclusion: In general, undeveloped self-schema might contribute to suicidal behavior independently. Emotional deprivation both directly and indirectly (by inducing depression) could precipitate suicidal behavior. Received: Apr 16, 2013 Accepted: Dec 8, 2013 Conflict of interest: None declared

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Background and Aim: Mental health is one of the most important factors which can affect all aspects of human life. One of the questionnaires to screen the non-psychotic disorders is the general health questionnaire (GHQ). This meta-analysis study aims to investigate the psychological disorders by using general health questionnaire (GHQ) in Iranian university students.

Materials and Methods:  We searched PubMed, Scopus, MAGIran, Iranmedex, Medlib, SID and ISI data bases for GHQ, psychotic disorders and students as main key words.  In order to assess homogeneity and publication bias we used I² index and Egger test. CMA 2.0 software was used for data analysis.

Results: We found 77 studies performed between 1991 and 2015 which included 44162 students. By using random models, we found a prevalence rate of 33% (95% CI: 0.295, 0.371)  for mental disorders among Iranian students which showed an increasing trend (p<0.01).

Conclusion: In this study we found a high prevalence rate of mental disorders with an increasing trend in the Iranian students.

Key words: Meta-analysis, General Health, University students, GHQ-28 questionnaire.

Received: Dec 25, 2015      Accepted: May 21, 2016

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Background and Aim:  Childbirth is one of the important events in women's life, and labor support is an important tissue, because the experience of giving birth may have a positive or negative impact on the women. Considering lack of a suitable questionnaire for measuring labor support behaviors, the present study aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 213 midwives in maternity hospitals of selected medical universities in Tehran from January 2017 to September 2017. Midwives were requested to complete demographic and also labor support questionnaires. At first, we assessed the face and content validity of the instrument qualitatively, and then its construct validity was carried out by confirmatory factor analysis. In order to evaluate the reliability of the instrument, internal consistency and test-retest were used.
Results: Qualitative face and content validity of the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire were approved. Also, the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 and the Pearson correlation coefficient of the t-test was 0.71, which were indicative of appropriate reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the Persian version of the labor support questionnaire had the necessary validity and reliability. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used as an appropriate instrument for Iranian midwives.