---

ABSTACT Teratoma is the most common ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumor. Sacrococcygeal teratema is the most common teratoma in infancy. It has an incidence of 1 in 25000 to 40000 live births. A rare case of huge sacrococcygeal teratoma is presented here. He was a newborn with a very largy mass in his sacrum who born by cesarean section. The mass had a cystic and vascular appearance. It`s size was 204060cm. The weight of the newborn was 9kg (including the mass). He had no other abnormal finding upon clinical examination. He was normal urination and defecation. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed in 4 th day after birth. The weigh of the mass was 6 kilogram. Diagnosis of mature teratoma was histologically confirmed. Benign teratoma usually cause only functional disorders such as intestinal or urinary obstraction. In this case, however, there was also no functional disorder despite huge mass of the tumor.

---

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Several studies have shown that cardiac tolerance of ischemia, before maturation is greater in the newborn than adults and it decreases gradually in the rest of life. Most studies on cardiac tolerance before maturation have shown this tolerance gradually decreases before maturation. But a few studies have not confirmed such results. In regard to its clinical importance this study was designed to determine the change in the pattern of tolerance of ischemia before maturation. Material and Methods: Hearts of 2, 3, 6 and 8 week-old rabbits were isolated and perfused under constant pressure according to langendorff method. Coronary flow (CF) and functional parameters including heart rate (HR) and fluctuations in the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were measured and the product of (HR × LVDP) (RPP) was calculated. Steps of the experiment included baseline period (20 min), ischemia (35 min) at temperature of 37C and reperfusion for 45 minutes. Cardiac parameters including RPP were evaluated 45 minute after reperfusion and at the baseline period. ANOVA test was used for data analysis. Results: Recovery of the heart function in 3 week old rabbits (85.81 ± 4.36) (mean ± SE) was significantly greater than those of 2, 6 and 8 week old rabbits (67.57 ± 3.27), (61.19 ± 2.83) and (52.03 ± 5.09) respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that tolerance of ischemia in rabbit before maturation doesn’t decrease and reaches its maximum between birth and maturation. Key Words: Isolated heart, Ischemic tolerance, newborn rabbit. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: December 3, 2007 Accepted: July 24, 2008

---

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the important preventable causes of mental retardation in newborns. Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province is more than its mean Incidence in Iran and in the world. The present study was performed to identify the risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province. Materials and Methods: This case - control study included all the newborns with TSH screening tests >10 mIU/l in Kurdistan Province. Another group of neonates were selected as our control group. Analysis was performed by means of chi-square, t- test and logistic regression. Results: Our study included 105 patients, 66 (62.9%) boys and 39 (37.1%) girls. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in regard to weight, height, head circumference, mother's BMI and maternal parity. Univariate analysis revealed that family history of thyroid diseases had a significant relationship with congenital hypothyroidism in the newborns (P= 0.019). However multivariate analysis showed no significant association between the factors in our study and risk of congenital hypothyroidism. Conclusion: A history of thyroid disease among family members may be associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Therefore, family history of thyroid diseases should be regarded as a risk factor and included in the maternal control program. Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism, Risk factor, Newborns Received: Sep 23, 2012 Accepted: Nov 19, 2012

---

BBackground and Aim: Ischemic heart diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. The incidence of these disorders are increasing and the age of onset is on the decrease. The prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and hyperlipidemia is on the increase among children and adolescents. Various maternal and fetal factors can affect fetal fat levels. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the relationship of the level of umbilical cord blood lipids with gestational age and birth weight in the newborns born in Mahdieh Hospital in 2017.
Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study we measured cord blood lipids levels of 375 newborns, born in Mahdieh Hospital in 2017. Newborns with known maternal or fetal complications were excluded from the study. Demographic, clinical and paraclinical data of the newborns and mothers were recorded in the questionnaire for every newborn and the relationship of the level of umbilical cord blood lipids (total cholesterol, VLDL, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride) with gestational age, birth weight, sex of the newborn, maternal age and BMI was evaluated. We used chi-square test to compare qualitative data and T-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient to compare quantitative data.
Results: This study included 375 single-birth infants (191 girls and 184 boys). The mean umbilical cord serum values for triglyceride in the preterm and term infants were 122.2±31.2 and 97.6±31.7 (p<0.001), and for VLDL were 24.2±6.0 and 19.5±6.6 (p<0.001) respectively. The respective values for mean serum triglyceride and VLDL levels in umbilical cord blood were 126.6±34.6 and 100.1±32.6 (p=0.011) in the newborns with birth weight of less than 2500 grams. Also mean serum triglyceride and VLDL levels in umbilical cord blood were 24.9±6.7 and 19.9±6.7 (p=0.020) in the newborns with birth weight of more than 2500 gram (2500-4000 grams and higher) respectively. The respective mean levels of umbilical cord blood triglyceride were 90.8±33.0, 101.6±32.8 and 110.2±31.6 (p=0.047) for SGA, AGA and LGA newborns. Newborns of the mothers with BMI≥25 had higher levels of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL compared to the newborns of the mothers with BMI < 25. The lipid levels of umbilical cord blood had no relationship with mother’s age. We used t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation for quantitative and chi-square test for qualitative data analysis.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mean serum levels of triglyceride and VLDL of the umbilical cord blood is higher in the preterm newborns and newborns with birth weights of less than 2500 grams. SGA newborns had lower umbilical cord blood triglyceride levels compared to the other newborns. Newborns of the mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity had higher umbilical cord blood levels of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL. We did not find any relationship between the levels of umbilical cord blood lipids and age of the mothers.
 

---

Background and Aim: Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder and is one of the main causes of mental retardation in the newborns. Genetic, environmental and geographical factors are associated with the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and correlation of geographical factors with congenital hypothyroidism in Ilam Province.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytical study and evaluated the incidence rate and geographical distribution of congenital hypothyroidism in the newborns in Ilam Province from the beginning of 2006 to the end of 2016. We studied the results of heel samples of the newborns between 3 to 5 days of age who had been screened for congenital hypothyroidism in the referral laboratories of the health centers of the health department of the Ilam University of Medical Sciences in all cities of Ilam Province. We used ArcGIS (ver 10.3) software for evaluation of geographical distribution. Statistical tests of Poisson regression and scatter plot were used to investigate the relationship between geographical factors and the incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism. Data analysis was performed by use of SPSS 16 software.
Results: Based on the findings of the screening of 106900 newborns born in Ilam Province, the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in this study was 2.61 in 1000 live births (2.7 male newborns / 1000 live births, and 2.48 female newborns / 1000 live births). Among all the patients 55.4% were male and 44.6% were female. There was a significant correlation between the mean annual rainfall and herbal coverage with congenital hypothyroidism (p<0.05). Mean annual temperature, sunlight and relative humidity had no significant relationship with the disease (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is high in Ilam Province. Abdanan and Ilam cities had the highest incidence rates of hypothyroidism and are among the high risk hotspots of the disease. As a result, authorities should take appropriate measures in order to control and reduce the incidence of this disease in the province. Also, among the geographical factors, the mean annual rainfall, herbal coverage and sunlight were associated with congenital hypothyroidism.