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Introduction: Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is an uncommon cardiac disorder which occurs due to presence of an aberrant pathway between atria and ventricles. Owing to its life threatening complications like paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and atrial fibrillation (AF), this syndrome has been considered a challenge for anesthesiologists. Case Report: We report a known case of WPW syndrome that had been scheduled for elective caesarean section and managed successfully under general anesthesia. Management of the present case includes important points in the management of WPW syndrome. Keywords: General Anesthesia, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, Cardiac disorders Received: Oct 6, 2014 Accepted: Jan 6, 2015

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Background and Aim: General anesthesia is an important approach to control low-aged children with specific problems who need wide teeth restoration operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the success rate of dental treatments under general anesthesia in children referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry from 2015 to 2017.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study in which 60 patients referred to the pediatric department of Hamadan School of dentistry received dental treatment services under general anesthesia from 2015 to 2017. Then, they were examined after 6 months of their treatment. The cases were checked-up on the dental engine using a Dental Mirror and Explorer and success or failure data were recorded in a special form designed for each case. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14, and a statistical model of logistic regression and the Chi-square test was used to compare the success ratio of dental treatments.
Results: The success rate of pulp treatments i.e. pulpotomy and pulpectomy are high (98%). Regarding the treatment of posterior teeth, stainless steel cover is the most successful treatment with a failure rate of 1.5%. The failure rate of SSC is significantly lower than amalgam filling (8.06%) (p=0.004). Regarding anterior teeth, one-surface composite filling with a failure rate of 5.5% and anterior build-up with a failure rate of 10.7% have the lowest and the highest failure rates, respectively.
Conclusion: Among the restoration operations, SSC under general anesthesia is considered as the selective technique due to its high success rate.

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Background and Aim: One of the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery is cognitive function decline. Due to the importance and direct effects of cognitive function on the quality of human life, this study was designed to compare the executive function of young CPB patients with the age range of 30-55 years one year after undergoing the surgery with healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted from February 2017 to October 2018. The experimental group included 40 male patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with an age range of 30 to 55 years. They were hospitalized in the ICU of Tehran Heart Center over the past year. For the control group, 64 healthy men with the same age range were randomly selected. Both groups met all the inclusion criteria and were tested using the Wisconsin scale.
Results: The results showed that in the levels of perseveration, correct and incorrect responses, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at 1% error level (p<0/01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the subscales of the number of attempts to complete the first model and the conceptual level responses (p>0/05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, even in younger people with an age range of 30-55 years after one year, can impair the cognitive function of the frontal lobe of the brain.

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Background and Aim: General anesthesia (GA) is commonly used for spine surgery but this operation can be performed under regional anesthesia. The advantages of regional anesthesia (RA), as compared to GA in regard to the optimum choice of anesthesia for spine surgery have been a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to compare GA with RA in regard to the intraoperative events, incidence of postoperative complications, and the recovery time in the patients undergoing spine surgery.
Material and Methods: This prospective comparative study included 80 patients in ASA 1 and 2 who had referred to Kwosar Hospital in Sanandaj for spinal and lower thoracic surgery. After random allocation of the patients into two equal groups, general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia was adminstered in the same manner to the patients of each group. Demographic characteristics, vital signs, the severity of pain, agitation, urinary retention, nausea, and vomiting, number of times needed to administer analgesics, the time of request for the first dose of analgesia, the time to start walking, and the time of discharge from the hospital were recorded in the patients׳ records. Using SPSS software version 23, data were analyzed by average statistical test, standard deviation, independent t-test, and chi-square test.
Results: There was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, and type of surgery (P >0.05). The severity scores of pain based on the VAS scale at 2, 4, and 6 hours after surgery in the GA group were higher than those in the epidural group (P <0.05). The highest average score of pain intensity in the GA group was in the second hour after surgery (8.6). RASS-based restlessness scores were also higher in the GA group at the 2^nd  and 4^th  hours after surgery than in the epidural group (P <0.05). The incidence rates of nausea and vomiting were higher during recovery time in the GA group (P <0.05). Also, the time to first analgesic request in the GA Group was shorter. The incidence of urinary retention, the time to start walking, and hospital discharge were not significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on our results, use of epidural anesthesia seems to be a suitable alternative to general anesthesia with fewer complications for spinal surgery.