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ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Several laboratory factors such as ESR, CRP and leukocyte count, have been used for the diagnosis of placental membrane infection. However, results of studies on this subject had been different and sometimes controversial. This study was conducted to determine the role of CRP, ESR and leukocyte count in the diagnosis of infection of placental membranes in mothers with premature rupture of membrane. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical observational study. The study population included all patients with premature rupture of membrane before 37 weeks of gestation. Sample size included 70 subjects. Sampling method was census. Data of the eligible patients were extracted from interview and laboratory results. Data were introduced into SPSS software and analyzed by means of T test and if necessary, by X2 and non -parametric tests. Results: This study included 70 patients. None of the patients had history of hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation, hypertension in previous pregnancy and history of drug use. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CRP test for detection of chorioamnionitis were 16.7%, 67.7%, 4.5% and 89.8%, for WBC count 16.7%, 63.1%, 4% and 89.1% and for ESR 66.7%, 50.8%, 11.1% and 94.3% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study was compatible with those of the previous studies and showed controversy about the predictive value of CRP for clinical and pathological diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. On the other hand lack of correlation between ESR values and WBC counts with chorioamnionitis which is not compatible with the results of some of the previous studies will reflect the need for future studies with larger sample sizes. Key words: ESR, CRP, Leukocyte count, PPROM. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Nov 11, 2010 Accepted: Dec 28, 2010

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ABCTRACT Background and Aim: Poor mental hygiene in childhood can result in disadvantageous physical and mental behavior in the future. Considering the relationship between body and mind and their influence over each other this study was conducted to compare behavioral problems of athlete with those of non-athlete students. Material and Methods: 221 male and female students between 7 and 11 years of age were entered into this study, in Sanandaj City and were divided into three groups: non athlete, individual sport and team sport. To assess behavior problems we used teacher`s and patient`s Rutter children behavior questionnaire, which were completed by teachers and parents. We used t-test for comparison of the mean values between boys and girls and one- way ANOVA was used to compare variables in the three groups. Results: The results of this study showed higher prevalence of behavioral problems in non-athlete children and significant differences in the subscales between the individual sport and team sport groups (P<0.05 ,P< 0.01). Also the boys had higher rates of behavior problems than girls (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Various sport activities can be useful in reducing behavior problems in children and can be regarded as a valuable way, in addition to other new methods, for managing behavior problems. Key words: Behavior problems, Children, Athlete, Non athlete Received: Sep 13, 2011 Accepted: Jun 19, 2012

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Background and Aims: Chlorpyriphos is one of the most important widely used pesticides in agriculture, which is discharged into the water resources and is associated with various adverse effects on human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chlorpyriphos removal by chitosan graphene oxide composite form aquatic solution.
Materials and Methods: The characteristics of adsorptive material was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). First, the pHzpc was determined.Then, the effect of different parameters such as the amount of adsorbent, contact time, pH, initial concentration of chlorpyriphos and temperature were studied through batch method in order to obtain optimal conditions for the adsorption process. Then optimal pH under constant conditions was determined. Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic equations  of adsorption were investigated and concentration of chlorpyriphos was determined.
Results: The highest removal efficiency was 93% which was observed at pH=5, 60 minutes contact time and 0.8 g/L of adsorbent concentration and initial concentration of 1 mg/l for chlorpyriphos. The results showed that adsorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetics and equations data followed Langmuir isotherms model. Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of chlorpyrifos removal was endothermic and spontaneous.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study chitosan graphene oxide composite can be a suitable adsorptive material for removal of chlorpyrifos from aquatic solutions.