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Showing 20 results for Hashemi

Leila Hasheminasab,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2007)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Domestic violence has been recognized as a public cultural and health issue that can affect pregnancy through direct or indirect mechanisms. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, related factors and outcome of physical domestic violence against pregnant women in Sanandaj hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 840 pregnant women who had been selected by systematic random sampling and hospitalized for termination of pregnancy (labor or abortion). Data were collected from constructional interview and labor documents. Consequences of domestic violence included LBW, PROM, abortion, preterm labor and still birth. The results were analyzed through descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The prevalence of physical domestic violence during pregnancy was 8.5%. Most cases were housewives (p<0.05) and of low economic status (p<0.01). Regarding their husbands, low education (p<0.03), unemployment, smoking, drug abuse (p=0.000) and alcohol drinking (p<0.01) had significant relationships with the prevalence of domestic violence. Cultural differences and shotgun wedding (p<0.01) were associated with higher rates of physical domestic violence during pregnancy. Women who had experienced such aggression were more likely to have premature rupture of membranes and abortion. Conclusion: Routine screening for domestic violence in pregnancy and educational measures to convince the men to change their violent conduct, empowerment of the women and reforming the defective cultural structure of the society should be taken into consideration.
Dr Shayda Shaafi, Dr Masoud Nikanfar, Dr Maziar Hashemilar, Dr Dariush Savadi Oskoee,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Science 2009)
Abstract

Background and Aim: In a near future, stroke will be the second leading cause of death and disability in many regions of the world. To reduce the overall burden of the disease on society, the development and the establishment of an organized approach for acute stroke care is postulated. The identification of predictors for death and poor outcome might contribute to reduce mortality and morbidity rates after stroke by enhancing the application of specific therapeutic and management strategies to patients at high risk. However, only limited information is available in this regard. Leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) during the early phases of acute ischemic stroke has been proposed to be related with poor prognosis. This study aimed at evaluating these two parameters in patients with ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: In an analytic study, 150 patients with confirmed ischemic stroke hospitalized at Tabriz Imam Hospital were reviewed during a 13-month period. The white blood cell (WBC) count and ESR were determined on admitting and 3 days after. Any history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), heart disease (HD), hyperlipidemia (HLP), smoking, CT findings, Level of consciousness, and the condition of patient on admission and discharge (according to Rankin's scale) was assessed. The patients categorized into three groups: expired during hospital stay, discharged in good situation (Rankin's scale of 0-2), discharged in poor situation (Rankin's scale of 3-5). Results: One hundred fifty patients, 75 males and 75 females, with the mean age of 67.3±8.2 (48-88) years enrolled in this study. There were 32 (21.3%) expired cases, 26 (17.3%) cases discharged in good condition and 92 (61.3%) cases discharged in poor condition. Leukocytosis on day one was significantly more prevalent in patients passed away during hospitalization or discharged in not-so-well condition. High WBC and ESR levels, altered consciousness, diffused lesions in CT scan, and imperfect neurological condition on day one, as well as positive history of DM and HTN were significantly related with higher in-hospital death rate and/or poor condition at discharge. In a multivariate study, all the mentioned parameters except a positive history of DM were independent predictors of short mortality and morbidity in the patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the raised WBC count and ESR just after an ischemic stroke attack might be related with a poor prognosis and necessitate immediate and meticulous monitoring and therapies. Key words: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Leukocytosis, Ischemic Stroke. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: September 11, 2008 Accepted: February 20, 2009
Dr Roya Kelishadi , Dr Mahin Hashemipour, Dr Mojhdeh Ziaei, Dr Shohreh Ghatreh Samani, Parinaz Poursafa, Dr Nooshin Khavarian,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2010)
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Considering the appearance of chronic diseases in adulthood and the emergence of their underlying causes such as metabolic syndrome since early years of life, recognition of effective factors and taking interventional measures will lead to a more short term and long term beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary and physical activity patterns among obese children and adolescents with or without metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2007 in Isfahan. 825 overweight or obese children & adolescents (body mass index equal to or greater than 85th percentile) aged between 6-17 years were assigned into two groups: with or without metabolic syndrome and the dietary and physical activity patterns of the groups were compared with each other. Data were introduced into SPSS software and analyzed by means of Chi-Square, regression and t-tests. Results: Comparison of the mean frequency of food consumption and physical activities in both groups indicated that increased consumption of meat, egg, dairy products, nuts, vegetables and fruits had a significant relationship with decreased incidence of metabolic syndrome. The physical activity level of those with metabolic syndrome was lower than that of those without this syndrome. However this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Considering the increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, and its relation with the dietary habits and physical activity established from early life, it is necessary to pay more attention to the lifestyle of children and adolescents in order to prevent emergence of chronic diseases in the future. Key words: Obesity, children, metabolic syndrome, diet, physical activity. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Jan 23, 2010 Accepted: Jun 9, 2010
Hasan Hashemi, Dr Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Asghar Ebrahimi, Reza Rezaie, Mehdi Safari,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2012)
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and aim: Today, chlorine is the most common material used for effluent disinfection. Chlorination is an established and effective method for effluent disinfection. But the use of chlorine for disinfection of effluent due to several major concerns should be reassessed. The aim of this study was to compare long-term benefits and costs of chlorination/de chlorination with those of UV by pilot studies. Material and Methods: This pilot study consisted of pre-treatment units clarification and filtration systems with two types of low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps designed and installed at the wastewater treatment plant in the north of Isfahan. Results:Medium pressure UV systems with dose of 230 mw.s/cm2 for disinfection of filtered effluent with SOR of 1090 lit/m2.hr is more economical than a low pressure system and chlorination/dechlorination process and has the least environmental and health adverse effects. Conclusion: In wastewater treatment plants use of UV disinfection technology should be considered in preference to chlorination, especially if the dechlorination of chlorinated effluent is required. Before application of this system pilot studies on actual effluent at plant sites are required. Keywords: Effluent disinfection, UV radiation, Chlorination, pilot study Received: Oct 3, 2010 Accepted: Nov 5, 2011 Conflict of interest: Nill
Dr Mohammad Kargar, Maryam Baghernejad, Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini, Zahra Hashemizadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2012)
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Macrolide Streptococcus pneumoniae is generally mediated by two mechanisms: 23SrRNA methylation and efflux. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of resistance in S.pneumoniae strains isolated from intensive care units in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This was a cross – sectional study. 50 strains of S.pneumoniae were obtained from the patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) of Nemazee and Shahid-Faghihi Hospitals, from 2010 to 2011. Suspected colonies were identified by phenotypical and biochemical tests. Organisms were confirmed to be Streptococcus pneumoniae on the basis of the presence of lytA gene by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated according to Standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Macrolide resistance genes were identified by use of ermB and mefA specific primers. Using SPSS software, statistical analysis was performed by means of chi- square test. Results: Resistance to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin levofloxacin were 18%, 48% and 44% respectively. In this study, 25 strains (50%) had mefA and 21 (42%) had ermB genes. Erythromycin resistance had significant relationships with mefA and ermB genes. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the predominant mechanism of macrolide resistance was due to mefA gene in this area. Increased macrolide resistance calls for attention to the pattern of resistance in the therapeutic regimens. Key words: S. pneumoniae, Macrolide Resistance, mefA, ermB Received: Apr 10, 2011 Accepted: Oct 20, 2011 Conflict of interest: Nill
Seyedeh Narjes Hashemi Rad, Dr Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani, Dr Shima Ababzadeh, Dr Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2014)
Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Released dopamine from dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta affects dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis in the hippocampus (HPC). Damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes decreased neurogenesis in DG which results in memory impairment. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. We assessed the effect of intravenous transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on hippocampal neurogenesis after inducing injury by 6-OHDA (memory disability model of PD).We performed bilateral injections of 6-OHDA into substantia nigra (SNc) of male Wistar rats. First group of the rats received bilateral injections of 6-OHDA (6 µg) dissolved in 2µl saline. Second group received saline injections instead of neurotoxin (sham group). In the third group we transplanted the 3rd passage of ADSC cells which had been assessed for CD90 immunostaining (1×106 in 500 μl medium), via tail vein. The 4th group included injured rats which received an injection of the fluid of the culture media (500 µl) through tail vein. After treatment, rats were sacrificed. The brains of the rats were removed, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and cut into 10μm thick slices. We stained the sections with cresyl violet and determined the density of neurons in DG, CA1, CA3. Result: Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. P≤ 0 .05 was considered significant. Neuron density in DG, CA1, CA3 showed significant decrease in the injured and medium treated groups compared to the sham group (P<0.00). All so we found a significant increase in neuron density in these regions in the cell group in comparison to the medium treated and injured groups (p<0.000). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of ADSCs protected hippocampal neurons from further damage in response to 6-OHDA.Therfore cell therapy can be a suitable method for the improvement of memory impairment in the patients with Parkinson's disease. Key words: Adipose-derived stem cells, Parkinson's disease, Hippocampus, memory, Neurogenesis. Received: Jul 25, 2013 Accepted: May 28, 2014
Mehdi Rezaee, Zaynab Kazemi, Mostafa Khanzadeh, Fazlollah Miderikvand , Shiva Hashemi, Somayeh Aghamohammadi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2015)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Neuropsychological dysfunctions in patients with major depression may be related to the risk of committing suicide among them. The purpose of the present study was to compare neuropsychological dysfunctions between patients with non-psychotic major depression with suicide history, without suicide history and normal people. Method and Materials: This was an ex-post facto study with control group. Using convenience sampling method subjects were selected from the patients referring to Loghman and Imam Hosein hospitals in Tehran. The patients were assigned to 3 groups: patients with major depression and history of suicide (n=16), patients with major depression and without history of suicide (n=17), and normal people (n=22). 3 domains of neuropsychological dysfunction including focused attention, selective attention and cognitive flexibility were assessed by computerized tests of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Continued performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Test. Also, we assessed the severity of depression of participants by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Using SPSS-16 data were analysed by MANOVA, MANCOVA and one-way ANOVA methods. Result: The results showed that, with controlling depression, patients with major depression with suicide history showed significantly poorer function in WCST compared to the other two groups. But we did not observe any similar differences in the other 2 tests. Conclusion: In general, cognitive flexibility is injured more in the patients with major depression and suicide history than in the patients with major depression and without suicide history, which may result in increased risk of committing suicide among these patients. Keywords: Major depression, Suicide, Neuropsychological functions. Received: Apr 23, 2014 Accepted: Oct 17, 2014
Dr Shabnam Mohammadi, Zahra Pakrouh, Mahin Teimouri, Saedeh Haji Pour, Dr Mehdi Karimi, Dr Maryam Mohammadi, Dr Ali Mohammad Pour, Mohammad Hossein Tani Pour, Dr Isaac Hashemi, Dr Mohammad Sookhtanlu, Dr Kamyar Tavakkoli, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2015)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Methamphetamine causes damage in different body organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methamphetamine on morphometric changes and biochemical parameters in kidney of adult mice. 

Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 56 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups: control and 6 experimental groups. Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received methamphetamine 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively for 10 days.  Experimental groups 4, 5 and 6 received methamphetamine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) respectively for 40 days. After 10 and 40 days, kidneys of the mice of the experimental groups were removed and after tissue processing and imaging, volume of kidney and glomerulus were measured by using cavalieri's principle. In addition blood urea and creatinine levels were measured. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by means of ANOVA.    

Results: Histopatological study showed that methamphetamine increased renal damage in a dose dependent manner. High doses of methamphetamine caused a moderate lobulation, glomerulosclerosis and kidney congestion. There was also a significant difference between the experimental (groups 3 to 6) and control groups in regard to the volumes of kidney and glomerulus (P=0.000).     

Significant differences were found in the level of urea in group 6 and creatinine levels in all experimental groups compared to those of control group (P=0.000).    

Conclusion: Use of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine for 40 days led to destructive effects on kidney tissue. Also, it increased serum levels of urea and creatinine.

Keywords: Methamphetamine, Kidney, Mice.

 

Received: Dec 31, 2014      Accepted: Jun 6, 2015


Dr Mina Sadat Hashemiparast, Maryam Sedighian, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Dr Hamid Allahverdipour,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Risky and unprotected sexual behaviors are among the health threatening factors which can increase the risk of transmission of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis especially in young people. This qualitative study aimed to explore the reasons of unprotected sexual behaviors among young people, based on low self-control characteristics.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a qualitative content analysis. Eleven individuals who had unprotected sexual contact were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed concurrently.
Results: According to the results of this study impellent belief about risky sexual behavior, barriers to condom use and lack of knowledge were cited by the participants as the main reasons beyond the risky and unprotected sexual behaviors.
Conclusion: Adoption of the safe and protected sexual behaviors is dependent on reinforcement of the beliefs, perceptions and attitudes towards sexually transmitted disease (STD) and effectiveness of preventive behaviors.
Key words: Unprotected sexual behaviors, Young people, Qualitative study
Received: Jan  9, 2017       Accepted: May  13, 2017
Dr Mansour Rezaei, Morteza Mohammadi, Dr Afshin Almasi, Dr Amir Hossein Hashemian,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Various methods are used to analyze the data in survival studies. The aim of this study was to compare the analysis results of penalized splines in Cox model and Cox proportional hazards model in relation to the effects of prognostic factors related to the survival of renal transplant patients.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included data of 876 renal transplant patients in Kermanshah, in Iran, from 2001 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards model and penalized splines in cox model were used. We used R version 3.3.2 for data analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05 and Akaike information criterion was used to compare the efficacy rates of these models.
Results: Using Cox proportional hazards model, one, three and five year survival rates of the patients were 94.9, 92.3 and 90.2 percent, respectively. But the corresponding figures for penalized spline model were 95.6, 93.3 and 91.4 percent. The recipient's age, postoperative creatinine, urea after surgery and underlying diabetes were significantly associated with the patients' survival rates (p < 0.05). Akaike's criteria for Cox proportional hazards model and penalized spline model were 1016.3 and 984.1, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering lower Akaike information criterion and suitability of penalized spline model for continuous variables affecting the survival of renal transplant patients, this model can be used instead of Cox proportional hazards model for more accurate estimate of survival rate of the renal transplant patients.
Key words: Survival, Renal transplantation, Cox proportional hazards model, Penalized spline model.
 
Received: May 6, 2017     Accepted: Jul 8, 2017
Shokofeh Hatami , Fatemeh Fotouhi, Mehrdad Hashemi, Maryam Salehi, Elahe Ghaderi, Hadis Shokohi, Dr Behrokh Farahmand,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Influenza A virus is an important respiratory pathogen which can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality during seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Current vaccines are not capable of producing effective immunity against different influenza virus subtypes. Designing universal vaccines using conversed domains of influenza virus antigens can overcome this limitation. The ectodomain of influenza M2 protein (M2e), the hemagglutinin stalk domain (HA2), and nucleoprotein (NP) are the most conserved sequences among subtypes of influenza A viruses. The aim of this study was to attach part of the NP gene into the binary structure of 3M2e-HA2 and assessment of expression of a chimer trimer protein in prokaryotic system. This recombinant protein is considered as a promising antigenic candidate for a universal vaccine production.
Materials and Methods: First, part of the NP gene segment of human influenza A/H1N1(PR/8/34)was amplified by PCR using designed specific primers. This amplified gene was cloned into pGEM-TEasy cloning vector. Then, the confirmed segment of NP gene was subcloned into PET28a/3M2e-HA2 recombinant expression vector, downstream of the HA2 segment. After confirmation of cloning, the chimer protein was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).
Results: The results of colony PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing indicated that the NP gene segment was correctly cloned into PET28a/3M2e-HA2. Chimer protein expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting.
Conclusion: Design and production of recombinant protein (3M2e-HA2-NP) could be an important step towards the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
Keywords: Influenza vaccine, Chimer protein, 3M2e, HA2, NP.
 
Received: Feb 6, 2017     Accepted: Aug 12, 2017
Hashemieh Chehreh, Dr Giti Ozgoli, Dr Khadijeh Abolmaali , Dr Malihe Nasiri,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2017)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Marital satisfaction is a psychological variable and considered as an individual characteristic for couples. Various factors affect marital satisfaction. Personality traits are among the most important factors affecting marital satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and marital satisfaction based on five factors model of personality.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we searched all Iranian and non-Iranian articles published between 2005 and  2016 in both Persian and English languages  in the Sciencedirect, Web of Sience,  Pubmed, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, Irandoc databases. To find relevant articles, we used the key words of "marital satisfaction", "personality characteristics", "personality factors", "five factor model of personality", willingness to accept responsibility, agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism, openness and combination of them.
Results: We found 6508 articles. The findings of the articles indicated significant negative correlation between neuroticism and marital satisfaction. But willingness to accept responsibility, extroversion, agreeableness and openness traits had positive correlation with marital satisfaction.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the articles used in our study, neuroticism can affect the marital satisfaction negatively. Determination of different aspects of personality traits in the pre-marriage programs is necessary to increase the stability of marriage and family.
Key words: Personality traits, Five factors model of personality, Marital satisfaction.
 
Received: Feb 5, 2017     Accepted: Aug 12, 2017
Azam Rahmani, Leila Allahqoli, Masoumeh Hashemian, Dr Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Babak Nemat-Shahrbabaki,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2019)
Abstract

Background: Gingivitis has high prevalence among pregnant women and educational programs have resulted in little success in the improvement of this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of trans-theoretical model based education on reduction of the prevalence of gingivitis among pregnant women through Telegram social network.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Sanandaj City, in the west of Iran in 2018. 160 pregnant women were assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants completed a two-part questionnaire, including demographic variables and trans-theoretical model constructs before and after intervention. The interventional program was delivered through Telegram, and its effect on decreasing gingivitis was evaluated after 24 weeks. The gingival indices were recorded before and after intervention. Data were entered into SPSS-21 software and analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA.
Results: After the intervention, 67.5% of pregnant women in the intervention group (versus 16.6% in control group) performed the dental cleaning behavior (p<0.01). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the mean scores of perceived benefits and gingival indices after the intervention (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Oral health education in the patients with gingivitis could have a significant effect on decreased rate of gingival indices. Telegram social network as an electronic educational tool could be useful for this education and potentially improves the status of the patients with oral diseases.

 
Hadiseh Hashemi Yusefabad, Reza Sohrabi Kabi, Maryam Asadi, Seyedahmad Hosseini, Mahtab Abdi, Mehrnoosh Zakerkish, Bahman Cheraghian,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2021)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with impaired metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of white button mushroom (WBM) powder on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM).
Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial included 41 T2DM patients between 23 and 50 years of age. Patients were randomly divided into intervention (n = 19 mushroom powder) and placebo (n = 22 corn starch) groups. Patients received 16 g dried WBM powder or corn starch/day for 8 weeks.  Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and liver enzymes were assessed at the baseline and at the end of our study. An independent sample t-test was used to compare quantitative variables between the two groups. Comparison of the mean values before and after treatment in each group was performed by means of paired T-test. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Comparison of the results at the baseline and after 8 weeks showed no significant difference in regard to weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the waist-to-height ratio between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the patients in the intervention group had a significant decrease in waist circumference and also lower weight at the end of the study compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). In addition, BMI reduction was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to hepatic enzymes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the study (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that WBM had no significant effect on liver protection. However, improvement in anthropometric indices in the intervention group indicated the potential effect of WBM on reducing T2DM complications.
Miss Raziah Hashemi, Farhad Golshan Iranpour, Dr Gholam Reza Dashti, Mrs Shahla Ishaqi, Afsane Jaberi Asl, Dr. Abol Fazl Dashti,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2022)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Sperm cryopreservation is an important assisted reproductive technique. However, due to increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, it can impair sperm function and reduce quality of fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinic acid and folic acid on maintenance of sperm function during cryopreservation by evaluation of sperm parameters and chromatin concentration.
Material and Methods: Thirty samples were collected from normozoospermic men and examined for chromatin quality, viability, membrane integrity, morphology and motility. The samples were frozen and placed in 4 groups: control, folic acid (50 nM), nicotinic acid (10 mM) and a combination of both. After cryopreservation, the four groups were compared with one another in regard to the sperm parameters. Also the sperm parameters were compared before and after freezing in every group. We assessed chromatin quality by TB staining, viability by eosin-nigrosin staining, membrane integrity by hypo osmotic swelling test, and morphology and movement by CASA software.
Results: Before cryopreservation chromatin quality, membrane integrity, normal morphology, sperm motility were lower and immotile sperms were higher in all groups compared to those after cryopreservation (p <0.001). The highest chromatin quality was detected in the folic acid, folic acid + nicotinic acid groups and the lowest chromatin quality was observed in the control group (p</05). The rates of sperm viability and normal morphology were lowest in the control group and highest in the folic acid and other groups (p <0.05). percentage of membrane integrity was highest in the folic acid group followed by nicotinic acid + folic acid, nicotinic acid and control groups, respectively (p <0.05). Folic acid played an important role in maintaining sperm parameters.
Conclusion: Nicotinic acid and folic acid have a positive effect on maintaining sperm function during cryopreservation

Paria Hashemi, Helia Rahmani, Mohammad Raman Moloudi, Zakaria Vahabzadeh, Esmael Izadpanah,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2023)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of memory and learning disorder which can cause neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Alpha-pinene is a polyphenolic compound from the terpene family that has shown important anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system and can affect memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alpha-pinene on the improvement of working and spatial memory in rats. 
Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control and 2 alpha-pinene groups (5 and 10 mg/kg IP) for 3 weeks. Spatial and working memories were assessed by Morris water maze and Y maze, respectively. Then, malondialdehyde level and total antioxidant capacity in hippocampal tissue were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.
Results: The percentage of alternation in the Y maze increased in the group which had received 10 mg/kg alpha-pinene group compared to those in the control group and the group which had received 5 mg/kg alpha-pinene. The time spent in the target area at the dose of 10 mg/kg of alpha-pinene showed a significant increase compared to that in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of the time to reach the target platform. Alpha-pinene at the dose of 10 mg/kg decreased the level of malondialdehyde in hippocampal tissue compared to the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of total antioxidant capacity.
Conclusion: Alpha-pinene increased spatial and working memory performance in rats. One of the possible mechanisms of memory improvement in the present study could be due to the reduction of malondialdehyde in the hippocampal tissue, as one of the important indicators of oxidative stress in the central nervous system.



 
Dr Nasrin Hashemi-Firouzi, Dr Siamak Shahidi, Dr Simin Afshar, Dr Parisa Habibi, Dr Mahdi Ramezani,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2023)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Serotonergic system has a role in morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms via its receptors. On the other hand, the effect of 5-HT2A receptor on withdrawal symptoms has not been evaluated completely. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation on morphine withdrawal symptoms in male mice.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study included twenty eight male NMRI mice (20-25g). Morphine dependency was induced in a five- day schedule by 6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56 and 66 mg/kg doses respectively. On the fifth day, 2 hours after a single dose of morphine, naloxone was injected (3 mg/kg) and the scores (from 0 to 3) of withdrawal symptoms including number of jumps, teeth chattering, writing, head shakes, limbs shakes, and percentage of body weight loss were recorded for 30min.The treatment group received different doses of TCB-2 (03, and 2.5mg/kg; Intraperitoneally).
Results: Withdrawal symptoms in the morphine-dependent mice were significantly more frequent than those in the control mice. Different doses of TCB-2 significantly increased some of the morphine withdrawal symptoms in the experimental groups.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that stimulation of 5-HT2A receptor via its agonist exacerbated the morphine withdrawal symptoms. Further studies are recommended to better understand the role of the 5-HT2A receptor in morphine dependence and withdrawal.

 


 
Paria Hashemi, Mohammad Raman Moloudi, Helia Rahmani, Zakaria Vahabzadeh, Esmael Izadpanah,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2024)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Huntington's disease is a chronic hereditary disorder that causes cognitive and movement defects in affected individuals by progressive destruction of neurons in the cerebral cortex, striatum and the hippocampus. Studies have shown that increased activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and occurrence of memory impairment in Huntington's disease. Recently, alpha-pinene has been reported to improve learning and memory performance in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha-pinene on passive avoidance memory and CDK5 gene expression in Huntington's animal model induced by 3-nitro-propionic acid (3-NP).
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, 3-NP (10 mg/kg),and 3 other groups receiving 3-NP (10 mg/kg) + alpha-pinene at doses of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg (for 3 weeks,via intraperitoneal injection). Passive avoidance memory was assessed through the shuttle box device. Then, the expression level of CDK5 gene was measured by RT-qPCR method in brain cortex and hippocampus. 
Results: 3-NP injection caused memory impairment by decreasing step through latency (STL). Alpha-pinene at all three doses improved passive avoidance memory performance. Also, 3-NP injection caused a significant increase in CDK5 gene expression level in the brain cortex and hippocampus compared to that in the sham group. The groups which received alpha-pinene at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg in brain cortex and 1 mg/kg in hippocampus showed decreased expression level of this gene compared to the group that received 3-NP. 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that alpha-pinene improves passive avoidance memory performance probably by reducing the CDK5 gene expression level in Huntington's animal model induced by 3-NP.

Susan Yazdankhah, Alireza Zakeri, Saeed Khalili, Abolfazl Jahangiri, Zahraalsadat Hashemi, Alireza Heidari,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2024)
Abstract


Background and Aim: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) industrial pollutants are one of the most important environmental pollutants whose removal is very important. PCBs are degraded biologically by several enzymes and in a multi-step process. One of these enzymes is called DHBD (2,3-dihydroxy biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase) and is encoded by the BphC gene. Enhancing the function of the enzyme and reducing the binding affinity of the enzyme to the inhibitor (tert-butanol) will improve the function of the enzyme and increase its efficiency. This research has been carried out in bioinformatics to strengthen the enzyme and weaken the inhibitory effect through mutation in the amino acids of the active site.
Materials and Methods: The amino acid sequence of the enzyme was obtained from the UniPprot database and to check similar sequences with PSI-BLAST method, similar sequences were searched from close to distant protein species. By performing multiple alignments of PSI-BLAST sequences, 250 sequences were matched. The results of sequencing the amino acids of the active site showed that some sites have variable amino acids and were used as candidates for mutagenesis. The position of the T-Butanol inhibitor was simulated using DISCOVERY software.
Results: By molecular docking with PYRX software between the wild enzyme and the substrate, the binding energy -6.2 Kcalmol-1and for the candidates of mutations resulting from the alignment, Phenylalanine 201 to Threonine (6. 9 Kcalmol-1) and Threonine 280 to serine (6. 8 Kcalmol-1) Calculated.
Conclusion: The more negative binding energy indicates the greater stability of this interaction in the mutant enzyme. As a result, these mutations will be able to improve the strength of the enzyme function. The simulation of the position of the inhibitor and the starting material in the enzyme showed that the distance of the inhibitor from the active site and the starting material is likely to be favorable if the interaction of the inhibitor on the amino acids of the active site is reduced and as a result, the binding stability of the biphenyl starting material with the enzyme is increased. Decreasing the inhibitory power will increase the catalytic power of the enzyme in the destruction of PCBs.
 
Miss Sheida Minaee, Mrs Leila Hasheminasab, Doctor Bijan Nouri, Doctor Roonak Shahoei,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2025)
Abstract

Background and Aim: One of the first educational needs is to adapt new methods to empower and improve the performance of learners. Teaching clinical skills to students is a challenging task, and professors must prepare students in a more effective way to play a role in the field of health care services. The purpose of the study was to “determine the effect of integrated breast examination training on the learning and skills level of Undergraduate midwifery students of Kurdistan University of Medical Science”.
Material and Methods: This research was a Quasi-experimental before and after study in 2022.The community of this research was made up of all second and fourth semester midwifery students. 30 students were included in the study by census method. The data collection tool in this study included a demographic profile form, the researcher’s questionnaire for learning breast examination, and the checklist for observing the clinical skills of breast examination. STATA software version 12 was used to analyze the study data. For descriptive purposes, frequency distribution table and mean and standard deviation were used. For the learning and skill variables before and after the intervention, Wilcoxon’s non-parametric test was used, and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Results: The median and interquartile ranges of the learning rate before and after the intervention in participants were 8 and 4 to 19 and 7, respectively, which showed a significant statistical difference. Also the median and interquartile range of breast examination skills before and after the intervention in participants were 8.45 and 5.97 to 114.34 and 25, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (P= 0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed that the use of Integrated Learning in Breast Examination can increase learning and skill in Midwifery students.
 

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مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
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