<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</title>
<title_fa>مجله علمي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كردستان</title_fa>
<short_title>SJKU</short_title>
<subject>General</subject>
<web_url>http://sjku.muk.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>54</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal54</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1560-652X</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4040</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>sjku</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.61186/sjku</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1394</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2015</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>20</volume>
<number>5</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>ارتباط ژن‌های qnr در القای مقاومت به سیپروفلوکساسین در اشریشیا کلای</title_fa>
	<title>The relation of qnr genes to the induction of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli</title>
	<subject_fa>عمومى</subject_fa>
	<subject>General</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي اصیل</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Original Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;زمینه و هدف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;: عفونت­های دستگاه ادراری (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;UTI&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;) ناشی از اشریشیا کلای یکی از شایع­ترین انواع عفونت­ها است. فلوروکینولون­ها اغلب برای درمان این نوع از عفونت­ها بکار می­روند و استفاده­ی وسیع و نادرست از این آنتی­بیوتیک­ها باعث ایجاد مقاومت شده است. سیپروفلوکساسین بعنوان یکی از آنتی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;­بیوتیک­های رایج در گروه فلوروکینولون­ها در بحث درمان مطرح می­باشد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;روش بررسی: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;در یک مطالعه مقطعی&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;در 6 ماه نخست سال 1393، تعداد 1723 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;نمونه­ی ادراری از &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;چهار بیمارستان &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;رشت جمع­آوری گردید. بعد از&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; کشت و تعیین هویت سویه­ها به عنوان اشریشیا کلای، تست &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;آنتی بیوگرام برای آنتی­بیوتیک سیپروفلوکساسین انجام شد. سپس به منظور تکثیر ژن­های (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrB&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;)، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;DNA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; پلاسمیدی استخراج گردید. محصول &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;PCR&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; بر روی ژل آگارز 2 درصد حاوی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;syber safe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;الکتروفورز شد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;آنالیز داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری کای اسکوئر و به کمک نرم افزار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;SPSS version 18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; انجام گردید.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;نتایج: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;از 309 نمونه­ی بررسی شده 139 نمونه مقاوم به سیپروفلوکساسین بودند، که از بین آنها، 96 نمونه (1/69 درصد) حامل ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;، 103 نمونه (1/74 درصد)، حامل ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrB&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; و 8 نمونه (8/5 درصد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;(&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; حامل ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;گزارش گردید. همچنین تعداد 9 نمونه، حامل 3 ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrB&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;color: black mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;color: black font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt; بصورت همزمان بودند. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;مقایسه وجود ژن­های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnr&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; در سویه­های حساس و مقاوم به کینولون­ها نشان داد که ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnrS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; باعث اعطای مقاومت به سیپروفلوکساسین گردید.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;نتیجه­گیری&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;: جلوگیری از مصرف بی­رویه آنتی­بیوتیک­ها با توجه به افزایش مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیکی ضروری می­نماید. از آنجایی که ژن­های مذکور در سویه­های حساس به سیپروفلوکساسین نیز مشاهده شدند، احتمال می­رود مکانیسم­های دیگری از جمله ایجاد موتاسیون در ایجاد مقاومت دخیل باشند.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;کلیدواژه­ها: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;ادرار، ژن­های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;qnr&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;، مقاومت آنتی­بیوتیکی، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;PCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Escherchia coli&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt; .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;B Zar&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt&quot;&gt;وصول مقاله:3/4/94 اصلاحیه نهایی:4/5/94 پذیرش:5/5/94&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr -ms-text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Background and Aim: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/i&gt;is a common infection. Fluoroquinolones are frequently used for treatment of UTI and improper use of these antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used commonly for the treatment of UTI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr -ms-text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Material and Methods: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;From March to September 2014, we collected 1723 urine samples from four hospitals in Rasht. After culture &amp; identification of &lt;i&gt;E.coli&lt;/i&gt;, antibiogram was performed using ciprofloxacin disk. Plasmid DNA was extracted for amplification of &lt;i&gt;qnrA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;qnrB &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;qnrS&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr -ms-text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;PCR products were electrophoresed on 2 % agarose gel containing syber safe. Using SPSS version 18, data analysis was performed by &amp;chi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; test.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr -ms-text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Results: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Of 309 isolated &lt;i&gt;E.coli &lt;/i&gt;strains, 139 strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin among which, 96 (69.1%), 103 (74.1%) and 8 (5.8%) samples were carrying &lt;i&gt;qnrS&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;qnrB &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;qnrA &lt;/i&gt;genes respectively. 9 strains were carrying &lt;i&gt;qnrS&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;qnrB &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;qnrA&lt;/i&gt; genes simultaneously. Comparison of &lt;i&gt;qnr&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;genes in susceptible and resistant strains to ciprofloxacin showed that &lt;i&gt;qnrS &lt;/i&gt;gene was associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr -ms-text-autospace: mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;It is necessary to prevent the improper use of antibiotic because of increasing antibiotic resistance. Since &lt;i&gt;qnr &lt;/i&gt;genes were detected in some susceptible strains, some other mechanisms such as mutation could be involved in the development of ciprofloxacin resistance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Keywords: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;Drug resistance, &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;qnr &lt;/i&gt;genes, PCR, Urine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify unicode-bidi: embed direction: ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot; face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-GB mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-fareast-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;Received: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-GB mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-fareast-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;Jun &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-fareast-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot; font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-GB mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot; mso-fareast-language: EN-US&quot;&gt;, 2015&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Accepted: &lt;/b&gt;Jul 27, 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</abstract>
	<keyword_fa> ادرار, ژن‌های qnr, مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی,  PCR,Escherchia coli .</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Drug resistance, Escherichia coli, qnr genes, PCR, Urine</keyword>
	<start_page>52</start_page>
	<end_page>60</end_page>
	<web_url>http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-31&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Setareh</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Yousefi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>ستاره </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>یوسفی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>540031947532846008589</code>
	<orcid>540031947532846008589</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Ali</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Mojtahedi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>علی </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>مجتهدی </last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>alimojtahedi@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>540031947532846008590</code>
	<orcid>540031947532846008590</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Shenagari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محمد </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>شناگری </last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>540031947532846008591</code>
	<orcid>540031947532846008591</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Atrkar-roushan</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>زهرا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عطرکار روشن</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>540031947532846008592</code>
	<orcid>540031947532846008592</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
