Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
The effect of allopurinol on high glucose- induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells
1
10
FA
Azadeh
Aminzadeh
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia which occurs in diabetes is one of the main factors which can lead to serious complications such as diabetic neuropathy. There is evidence that allopurinol has neuroprotective effect against many types of damaging stimuli. The present study investigated the effects of allopurinol on high glucose induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells as a suitable in-vitro model for evaluation of neuronal functions.
Material and Methods: Neurotoxicity was induced by high glucose concentration, and cells were exposed to allopurinol in the presence or absence of high glucose concentration. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress were investigated by measurement of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups, and total antioxidant power (TAP).
Results: The present results indicated that allopurinol significantly inhibited high glucose- induced cell death in PC12 cells. Furthermore, treatment with allopurinol decreased lipid peroxidation level. It also increased the total thiol groups and TAP.
Conclusion: These findings showed protective effects of allopurinol on HG-induced cell death in PC12 cells, which may be related to its antioxidant effect and inhibition of oxidative stress.
Keywords: PC12 cells, Glucose, Neurotoxicity, Allopurinol.
Received: Apr 23, 2016 Accepted: Nov 26, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Assessment of protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on sperm parameters, and trend of embryological development after in vitro fertilization (IVF) in phenylhydrazine treated mice
11
24
FA
Ali Akbar
Mozaffari
PhD Comparative histology, Sina Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kamyaran, Iran
Rasoul
Shahrooz
Histology and Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abbas
Ahmadi
Anatomy and Embryology Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Hasan
Malekinejad
Pharmacology and Toxicology Ward, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Karim
Mardani
Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Background and Aim: Oxidative stress can lead to change in the sperm parameters and cessation of embryological development This study aimed to assess the protective effect of ethylpyruvate (EP) on sperm parameters and trend of in vitro fertilization under oxidative stress conditions produced by phenyl hydrazine (PHZ) induced hemolytic anemia in mice.
Material and Method: 40 NMRI mice with the age range of 8-10 weeks and mean weight of 26±2gr, were randomly divided into four equally groups. The control group received normal saline (0. 1 ml/day, IP). Group2 (PHZ group) was treated with initial dose of PHZ (8mg/100gr/b. w, IP) followed by 6mg/100gr/b. w, IP, every 48hr. Group3, (Group PHZ+EP) received the same dose of PHZ and EP (40mg/kg/daily/IP). Ethyl pyruvate group received only EP (40mg/kg/daily, IP). Treatment period took 35 days. Then, after euthanasia the sperm were collected from caudal region of epididymis and examined for sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology. Testis tissue MDA and serum testosterone levels of all experimental groups were also evaluated.
Result: In this study, in PHZ group we found a considerable reduction in the mean percentage of the number of the sperms with damaged DNA and abnormal morphology compared to the control group. After administration of antioxidant these parameters improved significantly (p<0.05). In PHZ group we found significant decrease in the percentage of fertility, blastocysts, and the number of arrested embryos in comparison to the control group, which after administration of ethylpyruvate these parameters improved significantly.
Conclusion: Treatment of the mice with PHZ led to improvement of the sperm parameters and trend of embryological development.
Key words: Ethyl pyruvate, Phenylhydrazine, Sperm parameters, Stress oxidative, Mice.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Investigation of the knowledge, attitude and performance of the physicians in regard to rational antibiotic prescription
25
35
FA
Shahla
Afrasiabian
Department of infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Katayoon
Hajibagheri
Department of infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Daem
Roshani
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Sara
Zandsalimi
Medical Student, Student Reaserch Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran
Mohammad
Barari
Specialist in Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical ScienceS, Sanandaj, Iran
Behzad
Mohsenpour
Department of infectious disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Background and Aim: Excessive use or misuse of antibiotics leads to important consequences such as increased cost of treatment, bacterial resistance, treatment failure, drug toxicity and increased morbidity and mortality. Use of guidelines can result in increased knowledge of the physicians and decreased prescription of antibiotics with resultant change in the attitudes of the physicians towards this policy.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 356 physicians and was conducted in Sanandaj in 2015. The sampling method was census. The final questionnaire included 7 questions to assess knowledge, 18 questions to measure attitudes, (by means of a 5-point Likert Scale from very strong agreement to very strong disagreement), and 12 questions to assess performance. The reliability of the questionnaire was 54%. Using SPSS20 software, frequency and mean score of the questions were calculated.
Results: Among 356 questionnaires, 44.2% were filled out by specialists and 45.2% by the physicians who had graduated more than seven years ago. 56% of the physicians chose the correct answer for the questions on knowledge, and 25% of the physicians had knowledge about antibiotic resistance. 97.3% of the physicians agreed that antibiotics in our country have been used in excess. In this study, 233 (65.5%) physicians had high knowledge and self-confidence and 19.7% expressed low or lack of self-confidence about antibiotic prescription. WHO guideline and antibiotic guideline had been considered useful by 56% and 54.5% of the participants respectively. 49.9% of the physicians had not participated in any training course on antibiotic prescription. The highest and lowest frequency rates about sources of knowledge on antibiotic prescription belonged to internet (63.2%) and information provided by pharmaceutical companies (30.3%) respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the average level of knowledge of the doctors on antibiotic prescription and lack of participation of half of the subjects in training courses on antibiotic prescription after, attention to training courses<span dir="RTL" style="font-family: " b="" zar";="" font-size:="" 12pt;="" mso-bidi-language:="" fa;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman";"=""> with proper planning is recommended.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Doctors, Antibiotics, Sanandaj.
Received: May 23, 2016 Accepted: Dec 21, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilities (PNF) stretching exercise on patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)
36
42
FA
Masoud
Golpayegani
Department of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Shiva
Emami
Department of Sport Sciences, Arak University. Arak. (Corresponding Author), Iran.
Background and Aim: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common disorder of the knee. the conservative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome is to correct shortness of soft tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PNF stretching exercise on PFPS.
Materials and Methods: Twenty female volunteers with PFPS were randomly assigned to PNF and control groups. The experimental group accomplished their own specific treatment protocols for 8 weeks, whereas the control group did not follow the treatment plan. Pain and functional disability were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Kujala questionnaire respectively, before and after exercise. Using SPSS 20 software, data were analyzed by t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in the pain (P< 0.05) and also significant improvement in the functional disability (P< 0.05) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: We concluded that PNF stretching may have positive effects on PFPS.
Keywords: Functional disability, Patellofemoral pain syndrome, PNF stretching.
Received: Jun 20, 2016 Accepted: Dec 21, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Comparison of BAX expression in papillary carcinoma and papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid and its relationship with prognostic factors
43
49
FA
Mohammad Reza
Jalili Nadoushan
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Tala
Sarmastzadeh
General Practitioner, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Ali
Davati
Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Background and Aim: Thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer. BAX gene is the first known pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BAX expression and some prognostic factors in PTC and papillary microcarcinoma (PMC).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive – analytical study, we obtained data from the records of 105 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy with a final diagnosis PMC and PTC, in Mostafa-Khomeini Hospital, from 2012 to 2014. The data included age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement. We investigated BAX expression by immunohistochemistry staining and capsular invasion by hematoxylin – eosin staining. Considering the percentage of positive tumor cells, BAX grading was done. Data were analyzed by Fischer's ،Chi-Square and T tests.
Result: In this study, 87.5% of patients were female. 81.9 % of patients had no lymph node involvement. There was only a significant association between the type of tumor and lymph node involvement (P= 0.02). We found no significant difference between papillary and micropapillary carcinoma in regard to BAX expression. Different grades of BAX expression had significant relationship with tumor size, lymph node involvement, and capsular invasion (P<0.001). Age (P˂0.02), BAX gene expression (P=0.001) and tumor size (P˂0.001) showed significant statistical relationships with one another.
Conclusion: BAX expression is associated with lymph node involvement, capsular invasion and mean tumor size; and can be used to estimate the prognosis of PMC and PTC.
Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Prognosis, BAX.
Received: Jun 25, 2016 Accepted: Dec 21, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Comparison of musculoskeletal abnormalities among students with apple- and pear-shaped obesity
50
60
FA
Seywan
Fathi
Department of Corrective Exercise and sport Injuries, School of Physical Education and sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Ali Asgar
Norasteh
Department of Corrective Exercise and sport Injuries, University of Guilan, Iran.
Nader
Samami
Corrective Exercise and sport Injuries, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Background and Aim: Status abnormalities are adverse changes which can cause deformity in the skeletal structure and the natural direction of the posture. Obesity is among the causes of status abnormalities. The important issue is the distribution of additional fat in the body. The aim of this study was to compare muscle and skeletal abnormalities between the students with apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity.
Material and Methods: Study population included all male high-school students in Sanandaj. 79 students were selected by purposeful cluster sampling and divided into three groups: apple-shaped obesity (n=21), pear-shaped obesity (n=23), and normal weight (n=34).In order to assess abnormalities, we used photography for forward head and forward shoulder, flexible ruler for kyphosis and lordosis, caliper for genu valgum and genovarum, and navicular drop test for flatfoot. Using SPSS22 software, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: We found significant differences between every two groups in regard to different abnormalities as following: forward head (P ≤ 0.012) and forward shoulder (P ≤ 0.001) between normal and apple-shaped obesity groups, lordosis between apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity groups (P ≤ 0.047), and also between normal and apple-shaped obesity groups (P ≤ 0.046), genovarum (P ≤ 0.0001) between normal and pear-shaped obesity groups and also between normal and apple-shaped obesity groups (P ≤ 0.0001); flatfoot (P ≤ 0.0001) between normal and pear-shaped obesity groups (P ≤ 0.0001) and also between apple-shaped and normal groups (P ≤ 0.0001).
Conclusion: Apple and pear-shaped obesity have different effects on the stature structure and rate of complications. We recommend corrective exercise training programs and weight control in obese subjects according to the type of obesity.
Keywords: Obesity, Apple-shaped obesity, Pear-shaped obesity, Fat distribution, Musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Received: Jul 4, 2016 Accepted: Oct 29, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Epidemiological study of irritable bowel syndrome and its related factors in Sanandaj from 2013 to 2014: a population-based study
61
71
FA
Rahmatollah
Iri
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Farshad
Sheikhesmaeili
Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Nima
Fattahi
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Romina
Reshadat
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Behzad
Saeedi
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Zahra
Shahabbaspoor
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Lida
Emami
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Pedram
Ataee
Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Ghobad
Moradi
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health (KRCSDH), Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Karim
Sharifi
Department of Radiology, be’sat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disease which is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its related factors in the general population in Sanandaj in 2013-2014.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj for a period of 12 months, from the summer of 2013 to the summer of 2014. Considering the design effect, a population sample of 430 were selected via random cluster sampling method. ROME III criteria were used for diagnosis of IBS. Logistic regression was used to accomplish the qualitative objectives and multivariate analysis for categorical variables. We used STATA11 software for statistical analysis.
Results: We found a prevalence rate of 10.63% for irritable bowel syndrome in the general population in Sanandaj. Concerning gender distribution, the prevalence rates were 11.5% and 9.96% for males and females respectively, which had no statistically significant difference (OR=1.184, 95% CI=0.574 – 2.439). Although the disease was more prevalent in the patients between 30-40 years of age compared to other age groups, this difference was not statistically significant (OR=0.679, 0.95 CI=0.189, 2.441).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence rate of IBS was higher in Sanandaj city in comparison to other parts of Iran, which can be related to several factors such as diet and lifestyle. Because of the high prevalence of IBS in Sanandaj, we recommend further studies for identification of the causes of this disorder and its exacerbating factors in this city.
Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, Prevalence rate, Population-based study, Iran.
Received: Jul 24, 2016 Accepted: Nov 7, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
The effects of local heat therapy in the posterior part of chest on physiologic parameters in the patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
72
81
FA
Batool
Mohammadian
Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Room, Paramedical School, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran.
Ali
Mohammadpour
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
Mahmood Reza
Nematollahi
Department of Medical, Medical School, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran.
Eshrat
Jamiati
Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Background and Aim: Treatment and management of the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are very important. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures have been used for the relief of symptoms in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of local heat therapy on physiologic parameters in the patients with ACS.
Methods and Materials: In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial we randomly allocated 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome to either placebo or experimental groups. Patients in the experimental group received chest local heat therapy by using a hot pack warmed to 50°C, and the control group received the same therapy by a hot pack warmed to 37°C. Local heat therapy was administered for four 23-minute sessions for two consecutive days. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation were measured before and after the study. We used a questionnaire for demographic data and a data sheet for recording physiologic parameters. Using SPSS v. 16, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as paired and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results: Before and after the study, the groups did not differ significantly in terms of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. There were no significant differences between the groups in relation to systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation before the intervention. However, after intervention, systolic blood pressure (p<0/001) and respiratory rate (p=0/027) decreased and oxygen saturation increased significantly (p=0/003) in the experimental group compared to those in the control group.
Conclusion: The study findings confirmed the effectiveness of local heat therapy in improving physiologic parameters in the patients with ACS.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Local heat therapy, Physiologic parameters.
Received: Jul 27, 2016 Accepted: Nov 14, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
The effect of combined training (hip abductor and external rotators strengthening + balance) on pain and performance in the patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome
82
92
FA
Mohammad Javad
Ashraf
Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Gholamali
Ghasemi
Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Alireza
Falah
Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Background and Aim: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is an orthopedic disorder of the knee joint which results in pain and impairment of performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise (hip abductor and external rotators strengthening + balance) on pain and performance in the patients with PFPS.
Materials and Methods: In this semi experimental study, 20 men with PFPS were selected by purposeful sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed a training program which consisted of hip abductor and external rotators strengthening and balance exercises, 3 sessions per week for eighth weeks. Pain and physical performance in the patients were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and WOMAC respectively, before and after exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. P ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The results indicated that the changes and interactions of the two variables of pain (F=14/2 and p=0/001) and physical performance (F=60/2 and p=0/001) were significant in the experimental group (P < 0.05) after exercise. The results also showed that the experimental group, had reduced pain and showed a significant improvement in the physical performance (p<0/05), compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of training in the improvement of performance and reduction of pain, this training protocol can be useful in the physical rehabilitation of PFPs.
Keywords: Pfps, Combined training (hip abductor and external rotators strengthen + balance), Function disabality, Pain.
Received: Aug 3, 2016 Accepted: Dec 18, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Evaluation of the protective effect of curcumin on liver tissue in NMRI mice treated with sodium arsenite
93
106
FA
Seyed Mohammad Ali
Shariatzadeh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
Malek
Soleimani-Mehranjani
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
Samira
Naderi-Noreini
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
Background and Aim: Arsenic (As) compounds are environmental toxicants which are among human carcinogens. Sodium arsenite exposure leads to its accumulation in the liver resulting in liver disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin, as an antioxidant, on the liver tissue in the mice exposed to sodium arsenite.
Material and Methods: Thirty NMRI mice with mean body weight of 31±2 g. were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, scheme (receiving DMSO),curcumin (15mg/kg/day), sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and sodium arsenite+curcumin groups. Every group consisted of 6 mice. The exposure was by intraperitoneal injections and carried out for 5 weeks. Then the mice were killed and the liver tissue was removed and weighed. Histopathological and stereological analyses were performed and the incidence of hepatocyte cells apoptosis (by the TUNEL method) was determined. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and the differences among mean values were considered significant at P<0.05.
Results: A significant increase in the mean relative weight of liver, total volume of sinusoids, bile ductules (p<0.001) and total number of hepatocytes (p<0.03) and a significant decrease in the total volume of the central veins (p<0.001), the mean volume of the hepatocytes (p<0.04) and their nuclei (p<0.001) were observed in sodium arsenite group compared to those in control and scheme groups. Histopathological examination also revealed parenchymal disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes and destruction of reticulin fiber scaffold in the mice liver treated with sodium arsenite. Most of sodium arsenite-induced liver damage improved in the sodium arsenite + curcumin group to the same extent as control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Treatment with curcumin reduced liver damage induced by sodium arsenite.
Keywords: Curcumin, Liver, Mouse, Sodium arsenite, Stereology.
Received: Oct 31, 2015 Accepted: Dec 21, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
Concentrations of homocysteine and CRP after 8 weeks of resistance training circle with different rest intervals
107
119
FA
Zaher
Etemad
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Hojatollah
Nikbakht
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ali
Azarbaijani
Department of Exercise Physiology, Tehran central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mandana
Gholami
Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Background and Aim: Resistance training exercise is one of the most common methods in fitness programs and health programs for athletes and therapists. Manipulation of every variable of training, such as rest intervals changes the adaptation and lead to the acquisition of more strength, higher endurance or biochemical changes in the body or cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two resistance exercise (RE) protocols with different rest intervals (RI) on serum homocysteine and CRP concentrations.
Material and Methods: This study included sedentary men between 19-28years of age who were randomly divided into 3 groups: two experimental groups including RE with RI of 90 (n=10) seconds and RE with RI of 180 seconds (n=10), and a control group (n=10). Exercise protocol included 8 exercises with intensity of 50% of 1RM in the first session and 85% of 1RM in the last session. The participants' weight, body fat percentage and body mass index were measured before and after intervention.In addition fasting homocysteine and CRP levels were measured by use of ELISA method before and after the exercise program for the 3 groups. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. We used Benferoni statistical test in order to determine and arrange the mean differences within every group.
Results: The results showed that resistance training for eight weeks with different RI can lead to significant decrease in the levels of homocysteine and CRP in healthy sedentary men.
Conclusion: Circuit resistance training with different RI decreased the serum levels of homocysteine and CRP in the healthy sedentary men. Therefore, these exercises may decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Resistance training, Rest interval, C-reactive protein (CRP), Homocysteine
Received: Aug 31, 2016 Accepted: Sep 27, 2016
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
22
1
2017
4
1
The effect of endurance activity on miR-499 and sox6 genes expression in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles
120
129
FA
Mohammad
Fathi
Physical Education Department, Humanity Faculty, Lorestan University, khorramabad, Iran
Background and Aim: Endurance activity can affect function and also factors involved in skeletal muscle transcription. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an endurance activity program on the Sox6 gene and miR-499 expression in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles in male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: we kept 14 rats under controlled conditions and divided them randomly into control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed an endurance activity program for 14 weeks, (6 days/wk, 1 hour/day) by using a treadmill. 48 hours after the end of the last session they were anesthetized and sacrificed. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed. Real time RT-PCR method was used to determine the expression levels of miR-499 and Sox6<span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: " b="" nazanin";="" font-size:="" 12pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman";"=""> genes. Data analysis was performed by t-test.
Results: The results showed, that sox6 gene expression in EDL muscles increased significantly in the experimental group compared to that in the control group (p<0.004). But, in the experimental group sox6 gene expression in soleus muscle decreased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.002). Expression of miR-499 in the soleus muscle increased significantly due to endurance activity (p<0.015).
Conclusion: Considering different changes of sox6 and miR-499 expression in the skeletal muscles after the same endurance activity, it seems that these two factors create the conditions in the skeletal muscle tissue, which despite the long-term endurance activities these muscles can maintain appropriate ratios of fast and slow-twitch fibers
Key words: sox6 gene, Endurance activity, miR-499
Received: Jan 30, 2016 Accepted: Jan 9, 2017