Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
The effect of interventional measures for cessation of smoking on FEV1 rate of the patients with COPD in medical health centers of sanandaj city in 1384
1
9
FA
Jamal
Seidi
Marzieh
Shaban
Naseh
Cigari
Background and Aim: Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD. Cessation of smoking is the most effective way for prevention or treatment of COPD.
Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 160 patients which was divided into 2 equal groups (intervention and control). Sampling method was simple.
In intervention group counseling for cessation of smoking was performed. The data were collected by use of the questionnaires, Fagrostrom test, registered FEV1 rate and smoking rate. Measurement of FEV1 before and 3 months after the study, was performed by using a hand spirometer device. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential methods, such as x2 exact fisher test, t-test and ect… usting SPSS Statistic program.
Results: After 3 months of study, reduction in smoking rate in intervention group was %66, while this figure for control group was 41.3% (p=0.001). 41.3% and 26.3% of the subjects of the intervention and control groups respectively, quitted smoking. 3 months after study the rate of FEV1 in intervention group was significantly (%13.2) higher than those of control group (0.5%) which revealed a significant statistical difference (p<0.05%).
Conclusion: The result of this study supported the use of such measures encouraging cessation of smoking which can lead to an increase in FEV1 and a decrease in FEV1 reduction with improvement of pulmonary function in COPD patients.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
The immunomedulatory effect of Ganoderma Lucidum polysachharide extract on BALB/c peritoneal macrophage function
10
17
FA
Shahrzad
Zamani Taghizadeh Raabe
Ahmad
Zavaran Hosseini
Zahir
Mohammad Hassan
Somayeh
Shahrokhi
Mohammad Shafiea
Mojadadi
Background and Aim: Ganoderma Lucidum has been regarded as a natural immunomodulator. The exact carbohydrate epitope responsible for the immunomodulatory activity and its receptor have not been identified, but it seems likely that it is the receptor CR3 (complement receptor 3) which can bind to β-glucan polysachharide. Because glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity has a critical role in the regulation of macrophage functions such as nitric oxide (NO) production, we assessed the immunomodulatory effect of GL-PS in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages were isolated and treated with various concentrations of GL-PS (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 g/ml). After 24 hours, the viability of treated macrophages was measured by MTT assay at 540 nm and the effective dose was determined to be 0.1µg/ml. Then, macrophages were sonicated and special activity of G6PD was measured in the cell extracts by measuring the alterations in NADPH absorption at 339nm and protein concentration by Bradford method. Also, NO production was determined by use of Griess-reagent after 18 hours.
Results: Results of this study showed that 0.1 g/ ml of GL-PS had the maximal effect on cell viability (stimulation Index) in comparison to other doses )0.05p(.
Conclusion: Ganoderma Lucidum is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve quality and length of life. We concluded that GL-PS extract had an immunomodulatory effect on macrophage functions. So, it can be a good choice to augment phagocytic system against infectious agents and pathogens such as Leishmania species, because nitric oxide production plays a critical role against these organisms.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Effect of problem solving skill training on social anxiety in unsupervised adolescents living in boarding houses of Kurdistan welfare office
18
25
FA
Roonak
Baba Shahabi
Zahra
Kashaninia
Background and Aim: Social anxiety is a common problem in the prime of youth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of skill training programs in solving social anxiety related problems among the unsupervised adolescents living in the boarding houses of Kurdistan welfare office.
Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with comparison of the control and intervention groups before and after training. Before study, subjects were assessed by Libowitz questionnaire, 36 of them got scores of more than 55 and were randomly placed in the intervention and control groups. Training of problem solving skills was performed for the intervention group for twelve 45-minute sessions. The two groups were assessed by means of Libowitz questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS soft ware by use of independent and paired T-tests.
Results: The results of this study revealed that mean values for social anxiety in the intervention and control groups were 39±13.9 and 70.43±10.2 respectively which was statistically significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: We concluded that problem solving training sessions can be effective in the prevention of social anxiety and its consequences and will help adolescents to manage their social problems.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Effect of calcium and vitamin D intake on maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters
26
31
FA
Hadis
Saboor
Arash
Hoseinnejad
Jhila
Maghbooli
Bagher
Larijani
Background and Aim: Vitamin D is essential for the health of pregnant women and their newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the outcome of pregnancy and maternal calcium and vitamin D intake.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 449 healthy pregnant women at the time of delivery and also their newborns after delivery. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric data were collected and Calcium and Vitamin D intake was determined. The mean values for vitamin D and calcium intake in mothers were 2.26±1.87 µg/d and 816.284±370.47 mg/d respectively.
Results: Our findings showed that, the mean Apgar score and height of the newborns whose mothers had adequate calcium and vitamin D intake were higher than those of infants of mothers with inadequate intake (p=0.04, p=0.03 respectively).
Conclusions: Our study showed a significant correlation between adequate maternal calcium and vitamin D intake and appropriate neonatal birth weight, height and one-minute Apgar score. We found that mothers with adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D had greater weight gain. Therefore proper nutritional plans for pregnant women are necessary. Consumption of foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, in particular dairy products, fortification of foods and addition of supplements to diet regimen of the population at risk of developing such nutritional deficiencies should be taken into consideration.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Epidemiological survey of gestational trophoblastic disease in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from 1373 to 1382
32
37
FA
Fariba
Farhadifar
Karim
Naseri
Farnaz
Zandvakili
Background and Aim: Gestational trophoblastic diseases are among the cases of high risk pregnancies. Lack of timely diagnosis may lead to complications such as high morbidity and mortality, HTN and hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and epidemiologic status of gestational trophoblastic diseases in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from 1373 to 1382.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included all normal deliveries, cesarean sections, and curettages of the moles in Beast Hospital from 1373 to 1382. The sampling method was census. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistical methods using SPSS win11 program.
Results: The results of this study showed that the incidence of trophoblastic diseases was 2.02 per 1000 pregnancy, namely 81 cases out of 39979. 78 (96.3%) patients had hydatidiform mole, 2 cases (2.5%) invasive mole and 1 case (1.2%) choriocarcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 27.25.2 years. 30 cases (38%) had history of abortion.
Conclusion: The incidence of gestational trophoblastic diseases and the mean age of these patients in Sanandaj are the same as those of others regions of Iran. Therefore routine sonograpghy in the first trimester, for rapid diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases is recommended.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Effects of L-arginine on percentege of healing in burns in rats
38
45
FA
Mojtaba
Karimipour
Layla
Zareei
Ehsan
Sabori
Background and Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with a short half life and is recognized as an important mediator involved in various pathological and pathophysiological processes. It is produced by oxidation of L-arginine. There are many different reports about its beneficial effects in burns. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of L-arginine (NO Precursor) and L-NAME (NO inhibitor) on epithelialization and precentage of healing of the burns in rats.
Methods and Materials: 60 adult male rats with the weight of 250-270g were entered into this study. After induction of general anesthesia, a certain area on the back region was exposed to 95c water for 8 seconds in order to produce wet burns. Then the animals were divided into two equal groups randomly. Each group divided further into three sub-groups: control, L-arginin which received 100 mg/kg L-arginine intraperitonealy and L-NAME which received 10mg/kg L-NAME. Injections in the first group performed on the first, third and fifth days and skin biopsies were taken on the seventh day after burn. Injections in the second group performed every other day from the first to the 13th day, and specimens were obtained on the 15th day. After staining the samples with H;E, the extent of epithelialization was evaluated. The percentage of wound healing was another index which was assessed by measuring the surface of the healed area on the fifth, tenth and 15th day after burn.
Results: The rate of epithelialization (new epiderm) from edge of intact skin in L-arginine group was higher than those of other groups. Also L-arginine group revealed a higher perecentage of healing than other groups but it was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study none of the groups showed complete wound closure but NO somewhat accelerated the wound healing process.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
The effect of a 6 month treatment course of male healthy rats by chlorpropamide and glibenclamide on vascular tone of aorta
46
53
FA
Esmael
Izadpanah
Ghader
Saleh Nezhad
Salahedin
Ahmadi
Siroos
Shahsavari
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder with an ever-increasing prevalence. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of death in diabetic patients. Type II diabetes mellitus is usually treated by sulfonyureas. There are controversial reports regarding cardiovascular side effects of these drugs. Conflicting evidences exist about side effects of the first and second-generation sulfonylureas. In this study, the vascular effects of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide (first and second generations of sulfonylureas respectively) were investigated in healthy male rats.
Materials and Methods: Male rats were treated by the above–mentioned drugs for six months and the response of aortic rings to acetylcholine, isosorbide dinitrate and phenylephrine were studied and compared to normal control group. Data were analyzed by means of ANOVA test.
Results: There was no significant difference between the response of aortic rings of treated and control group to acetylcholine, isosorbide dinitrate and phenylepherine.
Conclusion: Sulfonylureas through closing ATP dependent potassium channels, which exist in beta-cells of pancreas and other organs such as heart and vascular smooth muscles may affect the vascular tone. Based on the results of this study long term oral consumption of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide in normal rats did not affect aortic contractile property. Further studies are needed to clarify the vascular effects of sulfonylureas.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Survey of frequency and outcome of PCNL operations in Kurdistan province
54
59
FA
Heshmatolah
Soofi Majidpour
Vahid
Yousefinejad
Background and Aim: Surgery for removal of urinary system stones has improved very much. At the present time standard therapy for stones which do not respond to ESWL, and also for large or multiple stones is PCNL. In this method the stones are broken into small pieces and taken out. This method has a better outcome and minimal morbidity rate. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of PCNL operations in Kurdistan province since 1383.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive analytic study. The study group comprised all the patients who had undergone PCNL from 1383 to 1385 (100 patients). Sampling method was census. Data collected by reviewing the patients` medical records and were registered in check lists. The collected data were analyzed by means of 2 and T-test using SPSS win soft ware.
Results: from 1383 to 1385, 100 PCNL operations had been done on 66 (66%) men and 34 (34%) women. The mean age of the patients was 38.33±12.81.
(age rang: 17-72 years old). The mean operation time was 86.91±24.12 minutes and the mean size of the stones was 33.72±9.81mm. The mean hospitalization time was 2.33±0.65 days and the mean narcotic (petidin) dose was 57.6±24.
17% of the patients developed some kind of complication, but no problem observed in the other 83%. In general 91% of the operations were successful. 2% of the patients needed another surgery and in 7% of the patients, the remaining stones were treated by use of ESWL. The most common type of stones were calcium oxalate. There was a significant relationship between the operation time, dose of narcotic and duration of hospitalization (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The result of this study were compatible with previous studies and confirms PCNL as a successful surgical method for treatment of the urinary system stones.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Effect of laparoscopic electrocautery of ovaries on ovarian response and fertility in poor response PCOS patients
60
65
FA
Sedigheh
Esmailzadeh
Tahereh
Nazari
Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders which can cause oligoovulation and anovulation in infertile women. Treatment of PCOS at first step is medical and in resistant cases surgery by laparoscope and electro-cauterization of the ovaries will be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic cauterization of ovaries on ovulation, pregnancy, ovarian response to induction of ovulation and menstrual regulation.
Materials and Methods: In a semi-experimental- (before and after study), cauterization of the ovaries by laparoscope was done in 44 PCOS patients who were resistant to medical treatment. Ovulation, pregnancy and menstrual regulation were evaluated in these patients in a period of 3 months. Then pregnancy rate, ovulation and regularity of menses were evaluated before and after cauterization. Sampling method was census and data were analyzed by paired T-test, Wilcoxon, and Fischer`s exact test using SPSS soft ware.
Results: 44 patients aged from 18 to 36 with unsuccessful medical induction of ovulation and irregular menses were selected for the study. After cauterization of the ovaries, ovulation was evident in 32 (%72) and 15 (%34.09) of them became pregnant, with twin pregnancy in 3 cases. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was not occurred in the patients.
Conclusion: In spite of different results of different studies, our study revealed that the response of ovaries to medical treatment and also pregnancy outcome would be better after laparoscopic cauterization of the ovaries and this effect is better when combination of HMG and clomiphen citrate is used. Pregnancy and regulation of menses after cauterization had no relation to age and cause of infertility
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Right lung middle lobe syndrome as the initial and sole clinical manifestation of Hodgkin’s disease
66
69
FA
Narges
Baygom Mir Behbahani
Background and Aim: The commonest presentation in Hodgkin`s disease is painless cervical lymphadenopathy with or without a mediastinal mass. Uncommon presentations of Hodgkin`s disease that has been so far reported include: spinal cord compression, localized poikiloderma vascularis atrophicans, unilateral lower extremity lymphedema, multifocal nodular episcleritis and scleritis, Immune thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia, granolomatous keratoconjunctivitis, subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin`s disease. In these cases uncommon presentations were extramediastinal.
Case Report: In this case Hodgkin’s disease presented with right lung middle lobe syndrome without hillar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. CT guided needle biopsy of pulmonary lesion revealed Hodgkin`s disease and response to chemotherapy was very good.
Conclusion: The typical presentation of pulmonary Hodgkin`s disease includes multiple, irregularly marginated pulmonary nodules in the hillar or mediastinal areas. Our case had an uncommon presentation of pulmonary Hodgkin`s disease. Therefore for early diagnosis and treatment, such presentations of the disease should be taken into consideration.
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
12
1
2007
6
1
Report of a case of Papillary cystic solid tumor of pancreas
70
75
FA
Najmedin
Molanaie
Jafar
Mobaleghi
Mahin
Lotfi
Najmeh
Karbasi
Background and Aim: Papillary cystic tumor of pancreas is a rare neoplasm which principally affects young women. It has a good prognosis and has a low malignant potential. Because of its similarity to other cystic pancreatic lesions, preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make.
Case Report: Our patient was a 19 years old girl who presented with an abdominal mass. Definitive diagnosis was not made preoperatively. The diagnosis of papillary cystic neoplasm was made through histopathological examination of the specimen after surgery. The patient has had no evidence of recurrence during the last six months.
Conclusion: This rare tumor may be symptomless or may present with vague symptoms such as feeling of abdominal heaviness. Complete removal of the tumor will culminate in a low recurrence rate.