@article{ author = {Moloudi, Mohammad Raman and Moqbel, Hila and Dastan, Dara and Hasanzadeh, Katayoon and Noori, Bijan and Izadpanah, Esmael}, title = {Effect of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: The exact mechanisms of morphine dependence and withdrawal syndrome remain unclear. Many studies have been performed to find agents with low dependency in order to decrease withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand studies have shown the anticonvulsant and sedative effects of Jasminum sambac. The traditional use of this plant has shown its analgesic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, sedative, and anti-spasmodic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats. Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats with weight range of 225 - 275 g were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. In order to induce dependency, additive doses of morphine were injected subcutaneously for 13 days. On the 13th day, after the last dose of morphine, intraperitoneal saline injection (1 ml/kg:) was given to the morphine-saline group. We gave intraperitoneal injections of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac to the three treatment groups respectively. Thirty minutes later, intraperitoneal injections of naloxone (4 mg/kg) was given to the treatment groups and the withdrawal symptoms including: jumping, rearing, genital grooming, abdominal writhing, wet dog shake and weight loss were recorded for 60 minutes. Results: Results of this study showed that 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac significantly reduced the number of jumping and at all doses reduced rearing and genital grooming in the treatment groups compared to those in the morphine-saline group (P <0.01 and P <0.001). In addition, hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac decreased total withdrawal scores at all used doses. Conclusion: We found that hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac was effective in decreasing the symptoms of morphine withdrawal symptoms. This effect is probably attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Keywords: Hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac, Morphine, Withdrawal symptoms.   Received: Aug 7, 2017     Accepted: Nov 1, 2017}, Keywords = {Hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac, Morphine, Withdrawal symptoms.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3905-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3905-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dehghan, Morteza and Abdoli-tafti, Abbas and Ganji, Foroozan and Ghaedi, Rasoul}, title = {Comparison the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) jelly and piroxicam jelly on pain of knee osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Oral drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which are used to relieve pain are associated with certain side effects in the patients with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a herbal drug, Zingiber officinale jelly, and piroxicam jelly on pain relief, morning stiffness, and physical performance in the patients with knee osteoarthritis. Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study one hundred and twenty patients with osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to three groups of 40. Z. officinale 2% jelly, piroxicam jelly, and placebo were given twice a day for 14 days to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively. Concurrently, diclofenac tablet 100mg/ day was given to all groups. Physical examination was performed before intervention and two weeks after completion of the treatment. The level of pain was measured by use of visual analogue scale. Furthermore, the WOMAC index was used to investigate the effect of pain on the patients' performance. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by paired t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Result: There were no significant difference between Z. officinale jelly and piroxicam jelly in relation to relief of overall pain and morning stiffness, (P>0.05). The relief of pain (P=0.01) and morning stiffness (P=0.002) were significantly more marked in the piroxicam-treated group compared to those in the placebo group. Improvement of the physical functioning was not significantly different between the piroxicam-treated and Z. officinale-treated groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Z. officinale jelly and piroxicam jelly were effective in pain relief, amelioration of morning stiffness, and improvement of physical functioning in the patients with knee osteoarthritis, and there were no significant differences between the effects of the jellies. Key words: Osteoarthritis, Ginger jelly, Piroxicam jelly.   Received: Jun 28, 2017     Accepted: Jan 8, 2018}, Keywords = {Osteoarthritis, Ginger jelly, Piroxicam jelly.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-17}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.8}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3906-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3906-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sofimajidpour, Heshmatollah and Sajadi, Adel}, title = {Effectiveness and complications of ESWL in the treatment of renal pelvis stones in the children less than 8 years of age in Sanandaj, Iran 2007-2015}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has revolutionized the treatment of kidney stones in children. However, use of this technology has several complications which cast doubt on its safety and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal pelvis stones in the children less than 8 years of age. Material and Method: This retrospective study included children less than 8 years of age with renal pelvis stones who had been referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, between 2007 and 2015. Data of the patients, such as age, sex, clinical status, stone free rate, days of hospitalization, response rate to treatment and complications were obtained from the patients' medical records. We used a checklist to collect data of 35 children less than 8 years of age (including 37 kidneys) with renal pelvis stones who had been treated with ESWL in Tohid Hospital. SPSS software and descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Result: The sizes of the stones were between 8 and 25 mm. Thirty three patients (94.5%) were treated after one ESWL session and two patients (5.5%) were treated after two ESWL sessions. Six patients (16.2%) developed fever due to urinary tract infection; in two cases free stones lodged in ureter and 8 cases (21.6%) required hospitalization after ESWL. Hematuria occurred in all cases. Subcapsular hematoma was not observed in the patients. Blood transfusion was not given to the patients. The effectiveness of ESWL and stone free rate had inverse relationship with the age of the patients and sizes of the stones. Conclusion: In this study extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was an extremely effective method for the treatment of renal pelvis stones in children and major and irreversible complications were not common. ESWL was more suitable for the treatment of the stones of less than 20 mm. Key words: Children, Kidney stone, ESWL, Complications.   Received: Aug 15, 2017     Accepted: Nov 6, 2017}, Keywords = {Children, Kidney stone, ESWL, Complications.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.18}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3910-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3910-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zangeneh, Akram and Zangeneh, Mahdi and Ghoodarzi, Nader and Najafi, Fariba and HaghNazari, Li}, title = {Protective effects of aqueous extract of internal septum of walnut fruit on diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice}, abstract ={Backgrounds and Aim: Treatment of diabetes by ethnomedicinal plants which have fewer side effects than chemical drugs has been on the rise. In this study we assessed hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effects of aqueous extract of internal septum of walnut fruit (ISWF) on diabetic mice. Material and Methods: In this experimental study 35 mature male mice were made diabetic by administration of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The negative (non diabetic) and positive (diabetic) control groups received normal saline and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatment groups received 0.5 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 200 and 400 μl/kg of aqueous extract of ISWF through gavage respectively for 15 days. On the last day, serum levels of blood glucose, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALP (alkaline-phosphatase) were measured. After tissue processing, we measured total volume of the liver, hepatocytes, sinusoids, portal vein, central vein, hepatic arteries and bile ducts in the sections of the tissues. Results: Use of aqueous extract of ISWF in the treatment groups led to significant decrease in blood glucose levels, AST and ALP enzymes and also total volume of liver, sinusoids and central vein (p<0.05) compared to those in the non-treated diabetic group. Conclusion: According to the results, aqueous extract of ISWF, can regulate the blood glucose level and inhibit hepatic damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Key Words: Internal septum of walnut fruit, Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Liver, Mice.   Received: May 30, 2017     Accepted: Jan 8, 2018}, Keywords = {Internal septum of walnut fruit, Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Liver, Mice.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-37}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.26}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3911-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3911-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MohammadiBaneh, Anvar and Rahimi, Ezatollah and Mahmoodnejad, Delpak}, title = {Assessment of the eligibility of the patients with chronic renal failure for peritoneal dialysis in Kurdistan Province}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Peritoneal dialysis is one of the most important issues in nephrology. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of performance of peritoneal dialysis and its associated factors in the patients chronic renal failure. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 146 patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis between 2013 and 2014. Data were collected by interviewing patients and review of the patients' records and visiting the life places of the patients. Data were analyzed by inferential statistic including t-test and chi- square. Result: The results showed that 58.9% of the patients were men and 41.1% were woman. The mean age of the participants was 58.06±13.22.  78 (53.4) patients were eligible for peritoneal dialysis. There was a significant relationship between eligibility of the patients for peritoneal dialysis and their blood pressures (p<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that eligibility of the patients for peritoneal dialysis does not comply with the demographic variables. But physical and psychological condition of the patients can affect it. Keyword: Peritoneal dialysis, kidney disease, Kurdistan.   Received: Jan 16, 2017     Accepted: Nov 6, 2017  }, Keywords = { Peritoneal dialysis, kidney disease, Kurdistan.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-44}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.38}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3912-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3912-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Mina and Sadraei, Javid and Roudbarmohammadi, Shahla and Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh}, title = {The effect of acetone extract of Moringa peregrina on Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans and macrophage cells in vitro.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis account for at least 50 percent of all cases of vaginal infections. The main drugs used to treat these infections have numerous side effects and drug resistance to them is on the rise. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-trichomonas and anti candidal effects of acetone extracts of Moringa peregrina in vitro. Material and Methods: We used acetone extracts of Moringa peregrina at concentrations of 375, 750, …, 3000 and 4000 µg/ml for the treatment of trichomoniasis; and concentrations of 0/003,…, 1 and 2mg/ml for the treatment of candidiasis. We evaluated the effect of the extracts after 24 and 48 hours. The final number of viable parasites were determined by trypan blue staining and neobar lamella; and IC50 (50% Inhibitory Concentration) value was calculated. We also calculated MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the extract for candida. The cytotoxic effect of the extract on  the mice macrophage cells was investigated. Result: Comparison between treatment and control groups revealed a significant decrease in the viability of parasites in the treatment group at all concentrations after both 24 and 48 hours (P <0.05). After 24 hours the IC50 and SI values were calculated as 682 and 4.1 for parasite respectively and MIC value was 2 mg/ml for Candida albicans. Conclusion: Considering favorable effects of acetone extract of Moringa peregrina on inhibiting the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans identification and isolation of active ingredients of the plant, may lead to use of this extract for the treatment of both infections in the future studies. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Acetone extract of Moringa peregrina, Cytotoxicity, IC50, MIC.   Received: Jun 19, 2017     Accepted: Jan 8, 2018}, Keywords = {Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Acetone extract of Moringa peregrina, Cytotoxicity, IC50, MIC.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-56}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.45}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3913-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3913-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rasras, Saleh and Safari, Hosein and Azizzadeh, Aref}, title = {Comparison of the effects of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with fusion and fixation in the patients over 50 years of age with degenerative spinal canal stenosis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Low back pain is a major health problem. About 10% of patients develop chronic disability. Prevalence of some disorders such as spinal canal stenosis will rise with increasing age. When preservative treatment fails to improve symptoms in the patients with stenosis of the lumbar canal, surgical measures can be considered. Laminectomy alone or laminectomy with fusion and fixation are surgical procedures for spinal canal stenosis. Each of these procedures has its own advantages and disadvantages. Comparison of the clinical effects of these two methods in the patients with stenosis of the canal is a way to obtain more accurate results in order to select the appropriate procedure. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 42 patients with degenerative spinal canal stenosis, who had underwent surgery at least six months ago. Selection of surgical procedure (single laminectomy or laminectomy with fusion and fixation) was based on clinical condition of every patient. Oswestry Disability Index scale was used for clinical comparison of the two groups at least 6 months after surgery. Results: Considering the results, we found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of surgical complications, radiculer pain improvement, low back pain and neurogenic claudication; but fusion and fixation laminectomy resulted in improved performance of the patients (p ≤ 0.011)  Conclusion: The findings of this study and other studies suggest that laminectomy with fusion surgery is preferable for the treatment of degenerative spinal canal stenosis. Key words: Laminectomy, Fusion, Spinal canal stenosis.   Received: Oct 11, 2017     Accepted: Nov 11, 2017}, Keywords = {Laminectomy, Fusion, Spinal canal stenosis.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.57}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3914-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3914-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heydari, Narges and Tahmasebi, Hamed and Zeini, Behrooz and Dehbashi, Sanaz and Arabestani, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Expression of aap and icaR genes involved in biofilm production in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and gentamicin}, abstract ={Backgrounds and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are involved in a multitude of serious chronic infections. Production of biofilms is a defensive-invasive process controlled and regulated by the aap and icaR genes. The expression levels of these genes play an important role in the formation of biofilm. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of icaR and aap regulatory genes in clinical isolates of S. aureus resistant to methicillin and gentamicin. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, among 285 samples, we detected 100 isolates of methicillin resistant and 82 isolates of gentamicin resistant S. aureus. Resistant strains were evaluated for the presence of biofilm regulatory genes. The expression levels of regulatory genes were measured by real-time PCR method. We used SPSS software 16 for statistical analysis and also REST 2008 V3 software for analysis of quantitative results. Results: Among 100 methicillin resistant and 82 gentamicin resistant isolates of S. aureus the highest expression levels of icaR and aap genes were detected in the smears obtained from the wounds and catheters. Moreover, a different pattern of gene expression was observed in multidrug resistant strains in comparison to the strains with lower rate of resistance. Also, there was a significant relationship between the presence and activity of regulatory genes and biofilm formation in different samples (p≤0 / 05). Conclusion: Considering the frequency of biofilm producing strains of S. aureus in the smears from the catheters and wounds and also increased gene expression, appropriate therapeutic measures should be considered for methicillin and gentamicin resistant of S. aureus. Keywords: Drug resistance, S. aureus, Virulence factors, Methicillin, Gentamicin, Gene expression.   Received: Aug 2, 2017     Accepted: Nov 6, 2017}, Keywords = {Drug resistance, S. aureus, Virulence factors, Methicillin, Gentamicin, Gene expression.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {64-75}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.64}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3915-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3915-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vazini, Hossein and RahimiEsboei, Bahm}, title = {In vitro study of the effect of hydroalcholic extracts of Carum copticum and Ferula asafetida against Trichomonas vaginalis,}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Ttrichomoniasis is a disease with high prevalence in the world that can impose dangerous consequences on human beings. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Although, the disease has certain treatment methods but the emergence of drug resistance has emphasized the need for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum (C. copticum) and ferula asafetida (F. asafetida) against Trichomonas vaginalis. Material and Methods: We prepared hydroalcoholic extracts of F. asafetida and the C. copticum. Then, the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800µg/ml of the extracts were used against the T. vaginalis at the exposure times of 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Anti-parasitic effects of the extracts at every dose and also the positive and negative controls were studied. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software. Results: The results showed that different concentrations of both plant extracts had anti-trichomonas effect, although the effect of the F. asafetida extract was more remarkable. We also found that the anti-parasitic effect of the extracts increased by increasing the exposure time and also concentration. At the higher concentrations of F. asafetida extract (concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml) and at the more prolonged exposure times (120 and 180 min), the anti-trichomonas effect of F. asafetida was similar to that of metronidazole. Conclusion: The anti-trichomonas effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of F. asafetida was higher than that of  C. copticum. Complementary studies such as gas chromatography and spectophotometery can help to identify the effective ingredient of these plants which may result in the introduction of F. asafetida as a suitable alternative for metronidazole. Keywords: Carum copticum, Ferula asafetida, Trichomonas vaginalis.   Received: Jul 4, 2017     Accepted: Nov 20, 2017}, Keywords = {Carum copticum, Ferula asafetida, Trichomonas vaginalis.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {76-83}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.76}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3916-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3916-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AvazzadehSamani, Sajad and Anbarian, Mehrdad and Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {The effects of two traditional and post-activation potentiation warm-up methods on ground reaction forces during squat-jump}, abstract ={Background and Aim: A proper warm-up method can be used as a strategy to improve performance of athletes in various sport fields. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of traditional and post-activation potentiation warm-up methods on ground reaction forces during squat jump. Materials and Methods: Fourteen trained male athletes (age=26.5±3.64 years, weight=70±10.65 kg, height=180 ± 8.39 cm) participated voluntarily in this study. Athletes randomly performed three different warm-up protocols on three separate days: typical traditional warm-up method, static and dynamic post-activation potentiation implementing half-squat at 90% 1RM. After performing the warm-up protocols, the subjects completed squat jump test on a force platform in order to assess ground reaction forces. Results: In the jumping and landing phases, the peak values of horizontal and vertical ground reaction forces in the traditional warm-up method were significantly lower than those in the static (P=0.001 for both phases) and dynamic (P=0.001 for both phases) PAP warm-up methods. Also, we found a significant difference in the horizontal peak ground reaction force in the jumping phase between the static and dynamic PAP warm-up methods (P=0.003). In addition, significant differences in the vertical jump height and rate of force development (RFD) were observed between the traditional and static PAP warm-up methods (P=0.001 for both methods), between the traditional and dynamic PAP warm-up methods (P=0.001 for both methods), and also between the static and dynamic PAP warm-up methods (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that the PAP warm-up method may have more advantage over traditional warm-up method in order to improve record and performance of the athletes during squat jump movement. Keywords: Warm-up, Ground reaction force, Post-activation potentiation (PAP), Squat jump.   Received: Sep 6, 2017     Accepted: Jan 8, 2018}, Keywords = {Warm-up, Ground reaction force, Post-activation potentiation (PAP), Squat jump.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {84-92}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.84}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3917-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3917-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kikha, Masood and Khorshidi, Mehdi and Navid, Sepehr}, title = {Mycobacterium gordonae pulmonary infection with clinical manifestations similar to tuberculosis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Mycobacterium gordonae is one of the most important human mycobacterial pathogens that is found in immuno-compromised patients and also healthy people. This study is the first case report of Mycobacterium gordonae infection from Iran. Material and Methods: A 39-year-old woman with fever, weight loss, anorexia, chest pain and persistent cough referred to the emergency department of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan,. A sputum sample was taken from the patient. After eleven days bacterial colonies were observed on the Lowenstein–Jensen Medium. Using microscopic evaluation and biochemical tests, the bacterial colonies were identified as Mycobacterium gordonae. Considering the antibiotic resistance pattern clarithromycin and levofloxacin, were prescribed for the patient. The patient's clinical signs were improved after 6 weeks. Conclusion: The clinical and radiological manifestations of mycobacterium gordonae and tuberculosis are similar and may be mistaken for each other. In addition, therapeutic regimen for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria and tuberculosis are different. Therefore it is necessary to identify mycobacteria to the species level. Key words: Mycobacterium gordonae, Tuberculosis, Laboratory diagnosis, Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria.   Received: Jul 8, 2017     Accepted: Nov 25, 2017}, Keywords = {Mycobacterium gordonae, Tuberculosis, Laboratory diagnosis, Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {93-98}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.93}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3918-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3918-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Kiomars}, title = {A pattern for conceptual extent and measurement of nurses social undermining}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In recent years, researchers in the field of behavioral sciences have pointed to one of the complications and dark points of the organizational communication system which is called social undermining. In organizations with high rates of interactions this communication can have more consequences. Social undermining includes all negative and exhausting behavior of the transactors which can result in impaired abilities and exhaustion of the nurses during work time. Due to high rate of interactions with the patients, patients' companions, doctors, nurses' colleagues, paramedics, head nurse, servants, guards, laboratory staff and administrative colleagues, nurses are more prone to social undermining and exhaustion. Our study included the interactions with more impacts on the nurses. Material and Methods: The aim of this study was to present a model for conceptual extent and mesurenment of nurse’s social underminig and identify the dimensions and components of this concept. This was a qualitative study. Considering the aim of the study this was an  applied – developmental study, and according to the methodology, it was an explorative study. Considering the time of data collection this was a longitudinal study.  We evaluated the theoretical adequacy level using Delphi method and Kendall's test. The study population consisted of expert nurses, selected by a non-random method. Results: In this study using Delphi method we obtained 12 experts' views, on the concept of nurses social undermining. We identified 7 dimensions, 21 components and 49 indices at the significant level of less than 0.01. Conclusion: Based on this model, we can deal with the concept of social undermining in the nursing profession. Also we can evaluate a kind of assessment system to determine the rate of social undermining for the nurses and in every ward. Key words: Communication, Social Undermining, Exhaustion, Nursing.   Received: Apr 9, 2017     Accepted: Oct 16, 2018}, Keywords = {Communication, Social Undermining, Exhaustion, Nursing.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-109}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.1.99}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3919-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3919-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dadrass, Ali and MohammadzadehSalamat, Khalid and Hamidi, Kamaleddin and Azizbeigi, Kamal}, title = {Effects of vitamin D supplementation and resistance training on insulin resistance, lipid profile and body fat percentage in T2D men with vitamin D deficiency.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation during progressive resistance training on insulin resistance, blood lipids and body fat percentage in T2D men with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: Forty-eight men with T2D participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=12) including, resistance training (RT), vitamin D supplementation with resistance training (RT+VD), vitamin D supplementation (VD), and control groups (CON).The intervention lasted 12 weeks. VD group took 50000 IU of vitamin D supplements every two weeks, RT group performed resistance exercise 3 times /week, RT+VD group received vitamin D supplements and performed resistance training, and CON group maintained normal daily life pattern. Body fat percentage, 25(OH) D, blood lipids, glucose and insulin were measured before and after the intervention. HOMA-IR was used to measure insulin resistance Results: There was a significant difference in HOMA-IR between the groups which had received vitamin D supplements (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest reduction rate in the body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin were observed in RT+VD group. Conclusion: It was concluded that use of vitamin D for 12 weeks during progressive resistance training would have positive effects on insulin resistance in T2D men with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplements can be used as an effective method to reduce diabetes symptoms. Key words: Diabetes, Resistance training, Vitamin D, Insulin resistance.   Received: Oct 11, 2017     Accepted: Feb 13, 2018}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Resistance training, Vitamin D, Insulin resistance.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4102-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4102-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moradi, Ghobad and Rasouli, Mohammad Aziz and Fathi, Faez and Ghaderi, Bayazid and Nikkhoo, Bahram and Roshani, Daem and Moradvaisi, Borhan and Soltani, Jafar}, title = {Evaluation of the survival rate and its related factors in patients with leukemia in Kurdistan Province}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In recent decades, the survival rates of the children with cancer have improved significantly and their five-year survival rates have reached 80%, but there are still many concerns about the survival of adolescents and young people. Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, the data of 310 children and adults with leukemia in Kurdistan Province were extracted from their medical records. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed through calculating hazard ratios using Cox relative risk model. Data analysis was carried out using Stata 12 software. Results: This study included 201 adults with mean age of 50.8 years and 109 children with mean age of 5.2 years. The frequency of AML was higher in the adults (30.8%), while the frequency of ALL cases was higher in the children (86.2%). The respective one-year and five-year survival rates, were 94.4% and 49.5% in the adults, and 92.6% and 83% in the children. The hazard ratios (HR) were 5.18 (95% CI: 2.60-13) in the adults with ALL and 4.11 (95% CI: 1.55-10.4) in the adults with AML, and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.05-7.37) in the patients with CML. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the rate of mortality in children with ALL was lower (HR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.77). Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and provision of treatment services for the patients are recommended. Considering the high rate of survival in the patients with ALL especially in children, we recommend provision of appropriate treatment facilities and palliative care services, similar to those in other countries, for the patients with different types of leukemia with high rates of mortality. Keywords: Survival rate, Related factors, Leukemia, Children, Adults, Kurdistan.   Received: Apr 26, 2017     Accepted: Feb 12, 2018 }, Keywords = {Survival rate, Related factors, Leukemia, Children, Adults, Kurdistan. }, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.12}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4103-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4103-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sharifi, Nasibeh and Dolatian, Mahrokh and Fathnezhadkazemi, Azita and Pakzad, Reza and Yadegari, Leil}, title = {The relationship of the structural and intermediate social determinants of health with low birth weight in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Primary experience of intrauterine period is the essential basis of the life for the embryo. Therefore paying attention to it can lead to reduced health inequities. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the structural and intermediate social determinants of health with low birth weight in Iran Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed based on the studies conducted in Iran. We searched seven databases (Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus) by using keywords of social determinants of health, low birth weight and equivalents of them to find relevant articles published between 2000 and 2016. Data from relevant studies were extracted by two persons separately and evaluated by using the Stroop checklist. After extracting the required data, they were combined using a random model and the heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated by the I2 index. STATA-11 software was used for data analysis. Result: Thirty articles were analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The sample size included 42142 people. The overall odds ratios for the relationship of the structural and intermediate social determinants of health with LBW were estimated as 1.52 (1.24%-1.85: %95 CI) and 2.24 (1.85%-2.71: %95 CI) respectively. Conclusion: Considering the importance of low birth weight in the health of newborns, basic measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of this problem by identification of its risk factors and people at risk, improvement of living standards and regular prenatal care, counseling before pregnancy and improvement of the nutritional status of pregnant women. Keywords: Low birth weight, Pregnancy outcome, Social determinants of health, Meta –analysis.   Received: May 13, 2017     Accepted: Apr 9, 2018 }, Keywords = {Low birth weight, Pregnancy outcome, Social determinants of health, Meta –analysis.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-36}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.21}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4104-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4104-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Hasan and Pourabdian, Siamak and Forouharmajd, Farh}, title = {Evaluation of the effects of radio frequency waves and mobile phone distance on cow brain tissue temperature}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the great advances and extensive use of cell phones and its effects on the human communications and interactions, investigation of potential negative effects of cell phones on the users' health is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the distance between cell phones and brain tissue on the temperature of the central and gray matters of the brain, because of the heat generated by radiofrequency waves. Methods: This was an experimental study. Cow brain tissue was analyzed in a compartment with three depths of 2 mm, 12 mm and 22 mm, and at the distances of 4 mm and 4 cm from a cell phone, for 15 minutes. Lutron thermometer was used to measure the tissue temperature. Data analysis performed by using Lutron and MATLAB software packages. Results: Temperature increase was more at the distance of 4 mm and in the depths of 2, 12, and 22 mm compared to that at the distance of 4 cm. Also temperature increase after removal of the confrontation was more than the baseline temperature at both distances which was higher at the distance of 4 mm. Conclusion: Decreased distance between brain tissue and cell phone can increase the tissue temperature. Increasing the cell phone distance from the brain tissue can result in slower trend in temperature increase and decreased collective temperature after discontinuing the confrontation. Key words: Mobile phone, Radiofrequency waves, Brain tissue, Temperature.   Received: May 30, 2017     Accepted: Apr 9, 2018}, Keywords = {Mobile phone, Radiofrequency waves, Brain tissue, Temperature.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.37}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4105-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4105-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rajizadeh, Afsaneh and Samimi, Shoeib and Momeni, Mohse}, title = {Investigation of the factors related to low birth weight in the south of Iran: a case-control study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Since birth weight is one of the most important health indicators, we decided to investigate the factors related to the low birth weight (LBW) of the infants in the south of Kerman Province. Material and Method: This case-control study included 300 cases of neonates in Jiroft City. 150 neonates with low birth weight (less than 2500 g) were placed in the case group and our control group included 150 neonates with normal birth weights. Data were extracted from the health documents of the neonates and categorized into four groups including demographic data of the parents, pregnancy data, parental risk behaviors and infant characteristics. Using  SPSS software version 20, data were analyzed by single and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Single-variable regression analysis showed the possibility of having LBW neonate was higher in the mothers over 35 years of age, or with a history of illness, smoking and drug abuse compared to the neonates in other groups. Also, poor care, old age of fathers and high maternal weight were associated with an increased rate of LBW. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant difference between all the above - mentioned variables except the age of the fathers, in relation to LBW of the neonates. In addition, low birth weight was more likely in the babies born through cesarean section and neonates born to the mothers with high school diploma compared to the neonates in other groups. Conclusion: Prevention of pregnancy at an older age, mothers' education about avoiding drug use and smoking, as well as prenatal care are suitable measures for prevention of LBW. Keywords: Low birth weight, Pregnancy, Birth weight, Risk factor.   Received: Oct 24, 2017     Accepted: Apr 9, 2018  }, Keywords = {Low birth weight, Pregnancy, Birth weight, Risk factor.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {46-56}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.46}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4106-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4106-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Neda and Mokhtari, Babak and Kolahi, Maryam}, title = {Evalution of phytochemical and anticancer properties of cotton thistle (Onopordon leptolepis DC.) extract on the survival of CACO2 cancer cells}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the organic compounds of Onopordon leptolepis DC. and also evaluate the anticancer and anti-oxidant effects of the plant extract on CaCO2 cells. Materials and Methods: The effective compounds of air branches of Onopordon leptolepis DC. were studied using phytochemicals methods. Using GC-MS device the components of  ethanolic extract of air branches of Onopordon leptolepis DC. were isolated by Soxhlet method. Also the ethanolic extract of three parts of the plant including air branches, leaf, and stem were evaluated for anti-cancer properties using MTT and NBT methods based on a complete randomized block design. Results: Using GC-MS device we identified 27 components in the extract. Among them, A-Neooleana-3 (5), 12-diene (78.92%), 2 (1H) Naphthalenone, 3.5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4, 8a-dimethyl-6 - (1-methylethenyl) - (13.65%), and hexadecanoic acid (1.33%), were the main components of the extract respectively. In this study, presence of alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, and steroids were confirmed in the plant. The results of cell viability analysis using MTT and free radical activity showed that ethanolic extracts of air branches, leaf, and stem of the plant had anticancer activity. The highest rate of neutralization of free radicals produced by cancer cells was observed in the extract of the air branches of the plant. Conclusion: The medicinal and anti-cancer properties of this plant may be due to the presence of some of the alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and other phytochemical compounds in the plant which can be involved in the antioxidant activity of the plant. The detected chemical compounds in the plant can be used in the food industry and production of effective chemical medicines for the treatment of cancer. Key words: Anticancer, Chemical compound, Gas chromatography, Onopordon leptolepis DC.   Received: Aug 14, 2017     Accepted: Apr 20, 2018 }, Keywords = {Anticancer, Chemical compound, Gas chromatography, Onopordon leptolepis DC.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-69}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.57}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4107-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4107-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mazani, Mohammad and Mahmoodzadeh, Yavar and Rezagolizadeh, Lotfollah}, title = {The protective effects of Tanacetum parthenium extract on CCl4-induced myocardium injury in rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Tanacetum parthenium extract (TPE) on lipid peroxidation and acute heart injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Two of the groups were normal and damage control groups, other 3 groups were damage groups treated with 40, 80 and 120 mg / kg of TPE for 14 days before being damaged by CCl4. At the end of the study we measured the activity of creatine kinase (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C in serum, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and arylesterase (ARE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as lipid peroxidation index, in myocardial homogenates. Results: The results of this study showed that treatment with carbon tetrachloride significantly increased the levels of CK-MB, LDH, TC, LDL-C and MDA and decreased ARE, HDL-C, SOD and GPX (P <0.001) in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that TPE can be considered as a substance with various potential effects such as antioxidant activity and cardioprotective effects. Key words: Tanacetum parthenium, Carbon tetrachloride, Myocardium, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant.   Received: Sep 20, 2017     Accepted: Jan 30, 2018}, Keywords = {Tanacetum parthenium, Carbon tetrachloride, Myocardium, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-80}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.70}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4108-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4108-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yadegari, Mehdi and Riahy, Simin and Mirdar, Shadmehr and Hamidian, Gholamrez}, title = {Interactive effects of reducing exercise intensity and Adiantum capillus veneris extract on remodeling and modulation of pulmonary apoptotic indices in the rats exposed to the hypoxia.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death occurring by a series of intercellular messages which is associated with tissue structure remodeling. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interactive effects of reducing exercise intensity and Adiantum capillus veneris extract on remodeling and modulation of pulmonary apoptotic indices of the rats exposed to the hypoxia. Material and Methods: This study included 16 male Wistar rats. After 6 weeks of high intensity interval training, the rats were kept in a hypoxic environment for 3 weeks. In hypoxic environment, half of the rats performed interval training and taper and received 500 mg/kg of Adiantum capillus veneris extract. Finally, lung tissue was extracted for immunohistochemical and stereology studies. Results: 3 weeks of simultaneous exercise intensity and taper and Adiantum capillus veneris extract consumption in the hypoxia group led to decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(p<0.05) and nematocytes-2 population (p>0.05), compared to increased alveolar nematocytes-1 population in the hypoxia group (p<0.05 ). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that simultaneous use of exercise intensity and taper and consumption of Adiantum capillus veneris extract is effective in decreasing apoptosis and remodeling of Alveolar epithelial cells after high intensity interval training and exposure to hypoxia. Key Words: Interval exercise training, Hypoxia, Adiantum capillus veneris, Taper.   Received: Sep 23, 2017     Accepted: Apr 11, 2018}, Keywords = {Interval exercise training, Hypoxia, Adiantum capillus veneris, Taper.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-91}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.81}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4109-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4109-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {DashtiKhavidaki, Mohammad Hasan and Faramarzi, Mohammad and AzamianJazi, Akbar and Banitalebi, Ebrahim}, title = {Effect of endurance training intensity (low, moderate and high) on the expression of skeletal muscle ATGL protein and serum levels of insulin and glucose in male diabetic rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training intensity (low, moderate and high) on the expression of skeletal muscle ATGL protein and serum levels of insulin and glucose in male diabetic rats. Material and Method: 40 streptozotocin induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups of eight, including low (DL , moderate (DM) and high intensity (DH) endurance training diabetic groups, diabetic control group (D), and healthy control group (Con). Three sessions of endurance training with low intensity (DL( equivalent to 5-8 m / min, moderate intensity (DM) equivalent to 17-14 m / min and high intensity (DH) equivalent to 25-22 m / min were performed every week for eight weeks. The relative expression of ATGL protein was measured with western blot technique. Serum insulin and glucose levels were measured by ELISA method. To determine the difference between the groups we used one way ANOVA test. Result: The results showed a significant difference in the expression of ATGL between the control and training groups (with low, moderate and high intensity) (p=0.0002). This difference was significant between DH and D (p=0.0049), DH and DL (p = 0.0053) and also between DH and DM (P = 0.0136) groups. Serum glucose levels were also significantly different between the DH group with the groups D (p = 0.002) and DL (p = 0.039), also, the DM group with groups D (p = 0.0018) and DL (p = 0.0165). There was a significant difference in the amount of insulin in the DH group compared to the groups DL (p = 0.011), D (p = 0.0002), and the DM group with D (p = 0.014).   Conclusion: Moderate and high intensity endurance training can to some extent compensate for diabetes-induced reduction in the expression of ATGL protein and cause reduction of serum insulin and glucose levels in diabetic rats. It seems higher intensity of endurance training can lead to greater increase in expression of ATGL in diabetic rats. Keywords: Diabetes, ATGL, Endurance training intensity, Insulin, Glucose.   Received: Oct 17, 2017     Accepted: Jan 29, 2018}, Keywords = {Diabetes, ATGL, Endurance training intensity, Insulin, Glucose.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-102}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.92}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4110-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4110-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {BahojbSoldozi, Hananeh and Jalili, Faramarz and Sohrabi, Maryam and Keshtmand, Zahra and Jalili, Cyrus}, title = {The effects of crocin on the serum levels of sex hormone and NO in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Diabetes can lead to reduced fertility in men by production of free radicals. Crocin (the effective component of saffron) with its antioxidant property can be effective in elimination of free radicals. We evaluated the effects of crocin on the reproductive parameters of the STZ –induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Method: Rats were made diabetic with STZ (55 mg/kg). The rats were divided randomly into 8 groups of seven: control group (normal Saline), STZ induced diabetic group, groups receiving 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of crocin and STZ induced diabetic groups receiving the same doses of the crocin. These animals were kept under experimental conditions for 30 days. LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones are measured .The significance of the results was examined by ANOVA statistical method. Results: Groups receiving crocin and STZ simultaneously showed significant increase (P <0.05) in the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones compared to the groups receiving STZ. Conclusion: Crocin compensates for the most of degenerative effects of STZ-induced diabetes on the reproductive system of the male rats. It is a rich source of antioxidants and can positively affect most of the reproduction indexes in the rats in a dose depend manner. Keywords: Crocin, Streptozocin, Rat, Diabetes.   Received: Nov 21, 2017     Accepted: Apr 8, 2018}, Keywords = {Crocin, Streptozocin, Rat, Diabetes.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-113}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.103}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4111-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4111-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Alimoradian, Abbas and Ghasemi, Saeed and Zahiri, Mohammad and Saeedi, Amir Hossein and Miladi, Hossein and Sadegh, Mehdi}, title = {Investigation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Learning and memory defect occurs following chronic diabetes with uncontrolled blood glucose. Ginkgo leaf extract improves brain blood flow. Also it contains antioxidant components and has shown beneficial effects in neurological diseases. In this study we investigated the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract on spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss caused by diabetes. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 28 adult male Sparague-Dawley rats. The rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ: 60 mg/kg). Ginkgo leaf extract (40 mg/kg) was administrated orally every day for two weeks and its effects on memory impairment and hippocampal tissue damage were investigated. Spatial memory was assessed in Morris water maze for four days. Then, the brains of the animals were extracted and after tissue staining hippocampal tissue damage were evaluated by neuronal count.   Results: Latency to find the platform in water maze were significantly increased in STZ group compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). While, administration of the Ginkgo extract in STZ injected animals significantly reduced the latency to find the platform (p<0.05). In addition, STZ reduced hippocampal neuronal count (p<0.001) and administration of the Ginkgo extract in STZ injected animals significantly improved hippocampal neuronal loss (p<0.01). Conclusion: Ginkgo leaf extract significantly improved spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss, induced by diabetes. Keywords: Learning, Morris water maze, Neuronal count, Neuropathy.   Received: Dec 8, 2017     Accepted: Apr 9, 2018}, Keywords = {Learning, Morris water maze, Neuronal count, Neuropathy.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {114-124}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.114}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4112-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4112-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, Mostafa and Karimian, Monireh and Moballeghi, Jafar}, title = {Evaluation of the status of ethical leadership among educational managers of Kurdistan University of Medical sciences from the viewpoint of managers and faculty members}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the most important characteristics of a leader is the ability to understand the ethical concepts and standards of management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of ethical leadership among the educational managers in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, we evaluated the viewpoints of 92 faculty members and 26 directors of educational departments and educational deputies of hospitals and schools by using two standard questionnaires. Using SPSS Ver.19 software, data were analyzed by chi-square and t-tests. Results: The results related to the ethical leadership domains from the viewpoints of the participants in this study (faculty members and educational staff) showed that 69.28%, 69.8% and 73.98% of the managers respected ethical principles, ethics in decision making and ethical behavior, respectively. There was a significant relationship between academic level and ethics in decision making (p < 0.005). Also, 71.54% of educational managers believed that they have demanded justice in their decision-making. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that although the status of the university is relatively appropriate in the domains of ethical management, but its effect on labor productivity and other communication variables is not clear. Therefore, further studies on this subject are recommended. Keywords: Ethical leadership, Educational managers, Faculty.   Received: Apr 22, 2017     Accepted: Apr 9, 2018 }, Keywords = {Ethical leadership, Educational managers, Faculty.}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {125-134}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.23.2.125}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4113-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4113-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdi, Mohammad and Vahabzadeh, Zakarya and Ghanivash, Amin and Farhadi, Leila and Hakhamaneshi, Mohammad Saeed and Andalibi, Pedram}, title = {Investigation of the effect of trimethylamine-N-oxide on the proinflammatory cytokine genes expression in U937-derived macrophages}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Atherosclerosis is known as a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a risk factor, has a potential to trigger or enhance the immune inflammatory reactions in atherosclerosis. Yet, The exact mechanism by which TMAO induces inflammation during atherosclerosis is not well understood. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA in response to treatment of macrophages with different concentrations of TMAO. Material and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, U937-derived macrophages were treated with different concentrations of TMAO (37.5, 75,150 and 300 µM) for 24 h. A group of cells were also treated with tunicamycin as positive control for stress. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA levels. One-Way ANOVA and Post-hoc Dunnett test were used to compare the mean value of every group with that of control group. Results: Although TMAO increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA, only 300 µM of TMAO significantly increased expression of IL-1β mRNA compared to the control cells (P<0.001). Tunicamycin increased expression of IL-6 significantly. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that among the above mentioned cytokines, IL-1β as a proinflammatory cytokine had a greater role in inflammatory reactions, induced by TMAO as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Keywords: Cytokine, Atherosclerosis, Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Tunicamycin, Macrophage.   Received: Nov 21, 2017     Accepted: May 15, 2018}, Keywords = {Cytokine, Atherosclerosis, Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Tunicamycin, Macrophage.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4260-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4260-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Karkoobi, Yaghoob and Moradi, Ghobad and Sharifi, Pezhman and Ghafoori, Shahnaz}, title = {Assessment of thyroid cancer risk factors in Kurdistan province}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Considering the increasing trend of thyroid cancer and increased number of new cases we performed this study to determine the risk factors for thyroid cancer in Kurdistan Province. Materials and Methods: 80 patients and 80 controls were matched and entered into this case-control study from September 2009 to September 2016 in Kurdistan Province. Data were collected by reviewing the records of the patients, making phone calls and face-to-face interviews.  Using SPSS v.20 software, data analysis was performed by chi-square test, T-test and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, marital status, residential place, and profession. Thyroid cancer showed significant relationships with obesity, history of thyroid cancer in family, use of levothyroxine and TSH level. Conclusion: The results of the study highlighted the importance of TSH level, obesity, history of thyroid cancer in family, and use of levothyroxine which can be considered as risk factors for thyroid cancer by education and health planners. Keywords: Risk factors, Thyroid cancer, Kurdistan Province.   Received: Dec 18, 2017     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = { Risk factors, Thyroid cancer, Kurdistan Province.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.10}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4261-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4261-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abdollahi, Omid and Moloudi, Mohammad Raman and Dastan, Dara and Hassanzadeh, Katayoon and Izadpanah, Esmael}, title = {Analgesic effect of Jasminum sambac hydro alcoholic extract in rats: role of the GABAergic and opioidergic pathways}, abstract ={Background and Aim: There are several reports about analgesic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, sedative, and anti-spasmodic effects of Jasminum sambac. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of Jasminum sambac hydroalcoholic extract and determine the role of GABAergic and opioidergic pathways in rat model by a plantar device. Material and Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6) including control, the groups treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum Sambac (100, 200, 400, mg/kg, ip) and the groups which received the most effective dose of the extract in addition to naloxone or flumazenil. The analgesic effect was assessed by plantar device after 30, 60 and 90 min of the injections. Results: Our results showed that injection of hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac (200 mg/kg, ip)  increased significantly the time delay in response to thermal pain inducing effect at 30, 60 and 90 (P <0.05) min after injection in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group. While, addition of naloxone, prevented analgesic effect of the extract at all three times (P <0.05). This pattern of reduction of extract analgesic effect was significant only 60 min after concomitant administration of the extract with flumazenil. Conclusion: The results indicated the analgesic effect of Jasminumsambac extract. Considering the preventive effect of naloxone on the analgesia produced by Jasminum sambac, opioidergic pathway seems to be dominant in the development of Jasminum sambac analgesic effect. Keyword: Hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac, Analgesic effect, Opioidergic pathways.   Received: Dec 31, 2017     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Hydroalcoholic extract of Jasminum sambac, Analgesic effect, Opioidergic pathways.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.19}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4263-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4263-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haratizadeh, Sara and Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Ali and NazmBojnordi, Maryam and GhasemiHamidabadi, Hatef and Abdanipour, Alireza and Akhtari, Jav}, title = {Effect of Sambucus ebulus extract on neural stem cell prolifration under oxidative stress condition}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Recently, several studies have indicated that the central nervous system has the capacity for endogenous repair. But, the proliferation capacity of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) isn’t sufficient for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. So, it sounds that stimulation of endogenous NSC proliferation is essential for neuroregeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Sambucus ebulus extract on the proliferation of neonatal rat hippocampus-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) under oxidative stress condition induced by H2O2.  Material and Methods: The NSCs were isolated from neonatal rat hippocampus. To confirm neural characteristics of neural stem cells, the expression of neural-specific marker, Nestin was investigated by immunocytochemistry technique. 5×104 cells were cultured in every well of a 96 well plate and H2O2 was added to induce oxidative stress condition. Then NSCs were exposed to 50 µg Sambucus ebulus extract for 24 hours, at various concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 500 μg/ml). The cell proliferation rate was assessed by MTT colorimetry assay before and after treatment with the extract. Results: Immunofluorescent studies showed that neural stem cells expressed specific neural marker; Nestin. The proliferation rate of NSCs increased in the treated groups in comparison to that in the control group. The highest rate of survival was observed when Sambucus ebulus was used at the concentration of 500 μg/ml. (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the methanolic extract of Sambucus ebulus can promote proliferation and survival of NCSs in vitro and also after exposure to oxidative stress condition, suggesting its potential beneficial effect on neuroregeneration. Key Words: Neural stem cells, Sambucus ebulus, Proliferation, Survival.   Received: Jan 13, 2018     Accepted: Apr 11, 2018 }, Keywords = {Neural stem cells, Sambucus ebulus, Proliferation, Survival.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {26-35}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.26}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4264-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4264-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadifar, Mozhgan and Aghighi, Fatemeh and Salami, Mahmood and Talaei, Seyed Alirez}, title = {Evaluation of the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rat’s offspring}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The frequent use of opioids changes function and plasticity of neural circuits. Exposing the immature nervous system to opioids can have deeper and more extensive impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rats offspring. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 40 male Wistar rats with age range of 45-50 days.  Animals were divided into control group (CO) and 3 experimental groups of rats whose mothers had received subcutaneous injections of 5 (M5), 10 (M10) or 20 (M20) mg/kg morphine every 12 hours during lactation period. Spatial learning was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) on 4 consecutive days (4 trials/day). Spatial memory retrieval was also evaluated on the last day.    Results: Our results indicated that the rats whose mothers had received morphine during lactation period spent more time and traveled more distance to find the hidden platform than the controls in the learning stage. These differences were statistically significant when doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg morphine (P<0.001) were used. Also, they spent less time and passed less distance in the target quadrant in probe trial (P<0.001). Conclusion: Morphine consumption during lactation period impairs spatial learning and memory of the rats' offspring in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Morphine, Lactation period, Spatial learning, Memory, Rat.   Received: Jan 16, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Morphine, Lactation period, Spatial learning, Memory, Rat.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {36-44}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.36}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4265-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4265-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Hossein and Fakour, Shahin and Akradi, Loghm}, title = {Biochemical and histopathological study on preventive effects of Punica granatum L. extract on fatty liver disease in the rats receiving high fat diet.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a metabolic liver disease in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Punica granatum extract on fatty liver disease in the rats receiving high fat diet. Material and Methods: In this study rats were divided into 6 groups: healthy control, feeding with high fat diet, feeding with high fat diet plus clofibrate and feeding with high fat diet plus Punica granatum extract with different doses for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment biochemical indices including LDL, HDL, triglyceride and cholesterol, hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and concentrations of GPX, SOD, and CAT antioxidants in serum were measured. After histopathologic examinations and grading of fatty liver the groups were compared with one another. Results: High-fat diet group showed statistically significant increase in hepatic enzymes, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to other groups. Whereas high dose extract and clofibrate groups showed statistically significant increase in HDL and antioxidant activity compared to other groups. The results of histopathological examination showed fatty liver changes of grade 4 in the high-fat diet, grade 1 in the extract and grade zero in the clofibrate groups.  Conclusion: The results of this study showed the preventive effect of Kurdistan native Punica on fatty liver disease which is related to its antioxidant properties. Key words: Punica extract, Fatty liver, Hepatic enzyme, Antioxidant, Biochemical studies.   Received: Jan 16, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Punica extract, Fatty liver, Hepatic enzyme, Antioxidant, Biochemical studies.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.45}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4266-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4266-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mahdiani, Elham and KhademHaghighian, Hossein and Javadi, Maryam and Karami, Ali Akbar and Kavianpour, Mari}, title = {Effect of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) oral supplementation on changes of semen parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and reproductive hormones in infertile men}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Reduction in sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Carob supplementation on sperm parameters, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indices and sex hormones in the men with idiopathic infertility. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial which included 60 men with asthenospermia. The patients were assigned to intervention and placebo groups (n =30). The intervention group received 1500 mg Carob / day (three 500 mg capsules), and the placebo group received three placebo capsules / day for 12 weeks. The parameters of sperm, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, inflammatory markers and plasma sex hormones were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software and independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean values of changes between the two groups. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Differences in the changes in number, concentration and the percentage of motile sperms, total antioxidant capacity, concentration of MDA and plasma inflammatory markers were significant after the intervention (p<0.05). Changes in sex hormones were not significant in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Increased concentration and motility of the sperm and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were observed in the intervention group. Use of plants with antioxidant capacity can be one of the ways to cope with oxidative damage to sperm in this group of infertile men. Keywords: Carob, Asthenozoospermia, Oxidative stress, Inflammatory markers.   Received: Jan 20, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Carob, Asthenozoospermia, Oxidative stress, Inflammatory markers.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {56-66}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.56}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4267-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4267-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Barari, Mohammad and Afrasiabian, Shahla and Mohsenpour, Behzad and Hajibagheri, Katayoon and Sheikhesmaili, Farsh}, title = {Evaluation of appropriate antibiotic administration by general practitioners at the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Sanandaj, Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In recent decades, the emergence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, enterococcus and intestinal gram-negative bacteria due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics has emphasized the necessity of proper use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate antibiotic administration by general practitioner in the emergency department of a teaching hospital (Tohid Hospital) in Sanandaj, Iran. Material and Methods: In this prospective descriptive study we evaluated the prescriptions for 170 patients who had been referring to the emergency department of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj from May 2013 to May 2014. We selected 14 to 15 patients every month in a period of one year. After examination and writing prescriptions by the general practitioner, the patients were re-examined by an infectious diseases specialist. Finally, general practitioners and infectious diseases specialist's prescriptions data were recorded and compared with each other in regard to age, gender and prescribed drugs. Using spss v.18  software the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Among 170 patients, 52.4% (89) were male and 47.6% (81) were female with an average age of 39.86 ± 15.44 years. According to the results of this study, 11.18% of patients who had received antibiotics prescribed by the general practitioner did not require antibiotics. The exact compatibility and similarity of the prescribed antibiotics by the general practitioner and infectious diseases specialist for a specific patient was 7.8%. The mean numbers of the drugs prescribed by general practitioner and infectious diseases specialist was 2.08 and 2.21, respectively. The most common prescribed antibiotics by the infectious diseases specialist and general practitioner were ciprofloxacin (13.3%) and azithromycin (13.3%). Ciprofloxacin (21.3%) and cefixime (12%) were the most common antibiotics prescribed by the general practitioner. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed necessity of educational programs for general practitioners about antibiotic prescription. Keywords: Antibiotic administration, General practitioner, Infectious diseases specialist.   Received: Feb 5, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Antibiotic administration, General practitioner, Infectious diseases specialist.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {67-72}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.67}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4268-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4268-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aliabadi, Nastaran and Sahraei, Hedayat and Bahari, Zahra and Meftahi, Gholamhossei}, title = {Effect of prenatal immobilization stress on spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and brain BDNF concentration in the F1 generation male mice}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In this study, we investigated the effect of immobilization stress during pregnancy on the spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and brain BDNF level in F1 generation male NMRI mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty female pregnant mice were randomly divided into stress and control groups. The stress group received stress using a restraint cylinder (6 cm ID, 20 cm L) 60 min/day from the 1st to the 15th day of pregnancy. The control group did not receive stress. The male F1 offspring was nursed by their mothers (n=10/group) until reaching weights between 20 and 25 g. Then they were tested for spatial memory using Barnes maze and anxiety-like behavior by the elevated plus-maze. Also, brain BDNF level was measured by means of an ELISA reader. Results: Barnes maze test results showed that the time and distance to reach the target hole were significantly (p<0.001) increased in the stress group. Also, the number of errors and anxiety-like behavior in the stress group were significantly (p<0.001) increased compared to those in the control group (p<0.001). BDNF level in the brain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that prenatal stress can lead to decreased level of BDNF in the brain of the offspring which may result in spatial memory disorder and anxiety-like behavior. Key Words: Restraint stress, Barnes maze, Spatial memory, Anxiety-like behavior, BDNF.   Received: Feb 17, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Restraint stress, Barnes maze, Spatial memory, Anxiety-like behavior, BDNF.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {73-84}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.73}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4269-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4269-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Afrasiabian, Shahla and Noori, Hamid and Hajibagheri, Katayoon and Ghaderi, Ebrahim and Abdollahi, Shadieh and Mohsenpour, Behz}, title = {Serum procalcitonin level as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a prospective case–control study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Considering the importance of sepsis and its complications in the mortality of the patients admitted to different parts of hospital and the importance of early diagnosis and timely and appropriate treatment in the patients' survival, we investigated the value of procalcitonin serum level for the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious SIRS in the patients referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj. Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytical (case-control) study, we measured procalcitonin level in SIRS positive patients who had been referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj. After obtaing the results of the lab.tests the patients were divided into two groups of infectious SIRS (case group) and non-infectious (control group) based on the final diagnosis made by our infectious diseases specialist. Patients with  history of antibiotic intake within the last 48 hours, mechanical trauma, heat stroke, recent surgery, cancer and severe burn were excluded from the study. Each group consisted of 30 patients. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by independent T-test to compare the quantitative data between the two groups. We also used Pearson correlation test to investigate the relationship between procalcitonin serum level and variables related to vital signs and blood markers. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean procalcitonin serum level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the patients with higher respiratory rate and higher WBC counts had significant increase in procalcitonin serum level. Results of this study showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of procalcitonin test at the threshold of 0.52 ng / ml were 70%, 94% and 81.7%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 75.7% and 91.3%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, procalcitonin level had a significant sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious SIRS and can be considered as a diagnostic test along with other clinical and paraclinical criteria in the early stages of these disorders. This can be helpful in making early diagnosis and timely administration of medications. Keywords: Procalcitonin, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Sepsis.   Received: Feb 17, 2018     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Procalcitonin, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Sepsis.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {85-91}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.85}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4270-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4270-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghomian, Nayereh and Moeindarbari, Somayeh}, title = {Ovarian torsion in a heterotopic pregnancy: a case report}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Ovarian torsion is one of the rare causes of emergency surgeries during pregnancy. Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare type of pregnancy characterized by embryo implantation in two different locations. occurence of these two complications at the same time is a very rare condition. In this study, we present a rare case of heterotopic pregnancy accompanied by ovarian torsion. Patient presentation: A 33-year-old woman with fourth pregnancy presented with abdominal pain and spotting. Based on the last menstrual period, the gestational age was estimated as 7 weeks and 4 days. Ultrasound results revealed a heterotopic pregnancy with a live embryo in the uterus, a live embryo in the fallopian tube, and abundant fluid in the abdomen. Because of the patient’s unstable vital signs, she was operated and we detected a ruptured right tubal pregnancy with a 5 cm ovarian cyst on the same side and two-folded adnexal torsion. Resolution of the torsion, right salpingectomy and removal of the ovarian cyst were performed. Two days after the operation, the intrauterine embryo had no sign of heart activity; therefore, two doses of misoprostol were prescribed for the patient and curettage was performed. The patient was discharged on the next day with a good general condition. Conclusion: The simultaneous occurance of heterotopic pregnancy and ovarian torsion is a rare condition. In these cases, early diagnosis will help to preserve the ovaries and future fertility and also at the same time, maintain the intrauterine pregnancy. Keywords: Heterotopic pregnancy, Ovarian torsion, Ovarian cyst, Pregnancy.   Received: Nov 8, 2017     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Heterotopic pregnancy, Ovarian torsion, Ovarian cyst, Pregnancy.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {92-97}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.92}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4271-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4271-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {RajabniaChenari, Mohsen and Ghaderi, Bayazid and Fotuhi, Ahmad and Haji'ghanbari, Sim}, title = {Blood group incompatibility due to anti C antibody: a case report}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the main goals of blood transfusion medicine is to determine the compatibility of the blood products with the patients. Therefore, clinical and laboratory (serologic) evaluations should be done to determine the maximum compatibility (or minimum incompatibility). The most known blood groups is the ABO antigenic system and the most important of them is Rh system. Among these, the most common antigen that results in incompatibility reaction is D antigen. The occurrence of alloimmune hemolytic reactions in other subsets of the Rh blood group is rare. Specifically, anti-C antibody is one of the rare causes of hemolytic disease in neonates, which has been reported in the articles. Case Presentation: The patient was a 85- year- old female, who was candidate for an extensive excision of right lower limb's chronic wound. The patient required packed-cell transfusion to correct anemia before surgery. Due to incompatibility of the patient's blood with any of the same ABO and Rh blood products, the panels of all blood group antibodies were checked, which revealed positive anti-C antibody. Other antibodies were negative. Conclusions: In the patients with incompatibility with the same ABO and Rh blood products, other blood groups should also be considered in order to prevent the transfusion complications by using a product with maximum compatibility (minimum incompatibility). Keywords: Blood transfusion, Blood group, Anti-C antibody.   Received: Nov 12, 2017     Accepted: May 22, 2018}, Keywords = {Blood transfusion, Blood group, Anti-C antibody.}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {98-101}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.3.98}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4272-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4272-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Borhan and azadi, nammamali and mohammadi, amir and majidi, jameheh and hamesadeghi, younes and Mansouri, ali}, title = {Assessment of urban air quality in Sanandaj city and attribution of cardiovascular- respiratory diseases, and preterm birth in 2015-16}, abstract ={Assessment of air quality in Sanandaj City and its association with cardiovascular- respiratory diseases, and preterm birth in 2015-16   Borhan Mansouri1, Namamali Azadi2, Amir Mohammadi3, Younes Hame Sadeghi4, Ali Mansouri5, Jameleh Majidi6 1. Assistant Professors, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 2. Assistant Professors, Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 4. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 5.Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,Tel:083-66729189, Email:soranmansouri246@gmail.com 6.Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran     ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Over the past decades, air pollution in the urban areas has shown an increasing trend. Air pollutants have resulted in different diseases. The aim of this study was to study the air quality in Sanandaj City in 2015 and 2016 and investigate its potential relationship with cardio-respiratory disorders and premature birth. Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study, in which air pollutants data (Particulate Matter (PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) were collected from Department of Environmental Protection, Kurdistan Province. Data about cardio-respiratory diseases and preterm births were obtained from Tohid, Besat, and Tamin-e-Ejtemaee hospitals. Time series analysis was used to analyze the data. Result: The results showed that the levels of all air pollutants except particulate matters of less than 10 microns were lower than the annual allowed limit. Associated risk analysis showed relationship of particulate matters with increased mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases.  However, time series analysis showed that none of the air pollutants had statistically significant associtation with the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases and number of premature births. Conclusion: The results of this study showed PM10 as the only pollutants in Sanandaj air which was outside the standard limits and showed no significant relationship with mortality rate of cardio-respiratory diseases.  }, Keywords = {PM10, O3, SO2, Cardio-respiratory diseases}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3586-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3586-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Khaled and Hamid, and Yarahmadi, Shahin and Mehrabi, Y. and Aghang, Nasri}, title = {Comparison of health-care coverage between children with congenital hypothyroidism and healthy children in Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Provision of timely healthcare for children under 5 years of age specially children with congenital hypothyroidism and also regular monitoring of growth through measuring weight, height and head circumference have been of great importance. The aim of this study was to make a comparison between healthy children and children with congenital hypothyroidism in regard to health-care coverage in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in five provinces in different geographical areas of Iran in 2015. 240 children with congenital hypothyroidism and 240 healthy children were entered into the study. Children with congenital hypothyroidism were selected randomly from the national registere database. The children in the control group were matched with the children with hypothyroidism in regard to age, gender and place of residence. Anthropometric indices including weight, height and head circumference of the children of less than 3 years of age were recorded as the health care indices. STATA software version 13 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean percentage of measurement and record of weight, height and head circumference in children below 3 years of age with congenital hypothyroidism were 82.1, 78.7 and 55.4%, respectively. The mean percentage of measurement and record of weight, height and head circumference in healthy children (control group) below 3 years of age were 82.2%, 80.9 and 55.1%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in relation to the percentage of height measurement (P =0.02). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, percentage of measurement and record of the anthropometric indices in Iranian children of less than 3 years of age is low. More attention to the measurement and record of these physical growth indices in children of less than 3 years of age specially children with congenital hypothyroidism who need regular follow up, is essential.}, Keywords = {Congenital hypothyroidism, Health cares, Iran}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-20}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.14}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3738-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3738-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bazyar, Hadi and Haidari, Fatemeh and MohammadShahi(, Maji}, title = {The Role of Vitamin D on Levels of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by the degeneration of myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Vitamin D deficiency and an increase in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation are regarded as possible causes of the disease. This review article deals with the role of vitamin D on the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Material and Method: In this review study data were selectively collected by using google scholar, science direct and pubmed data bases and also by searching key words of MS, vitamin D, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress, from 1990 to 2018. Results: Various studies have shown increased levels of pre-inflammatory factors and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors in the serum of the patients with MS. Therefore, active form of vitamin D, 1.25 (OH) 2D3 (calcitriol), can be effective in regulation of cellular immune function. It can decrease production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress but, increases anti-inflammatory cytokines. This vitamin can affect energy metabolism and its deficiency can result in increased basal metabolic rate and lack of provision of sufficient energy to the energy-dependent neurons. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that vitamin D can play a two-way role in maintaining balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D can improve survival of the MS patients by its antioxidant effect and reduction of oxidative stress. key words: MS, Vitamin D, Inflammatory factors, Oxidative stress  }, Keywords = {MS, Vitamin D, Inflammatory Factors, Oxidative Stress}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {21-34}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.21}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3529-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3529-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {NazmBojnordi, Maryam}, title = {Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cell-Derived Neuroprogenitor in to Demyelinated rat corpus callosum}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are recognized as appropriate source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. In this exprimental study, neuroprogenitor cells (NPC)-derived from BMSCs were transplanted into an animal demyelination model. Material and Methods: BMSCs were isolated from femur bones of the rats and cultured in DMEM medium containing FBS. BMSCs were differentiated into NPC by inducers such as; RA, bFGF and EGF. Specific neuroprogenitor markers, e.g.:Nestin and NF68 were detected by using immunocytochemistry technique. Demyelination model was induced via injection of gliotoxin lysolecithin (LPC) into the corpus callosum. After one week, Dil labled NPCs were transplanted into the rat brains. The extention of demyelination and cell homing were measured 2 weeks later by histological and immunohistochemical staining. Result: BMSCs were appeared with neurologic morphology and differentiation of the cells into NPC after exposure to neural inducers was confirmed by immunocytochemistry staining. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation showed significant decrease in demyelination in the experimental group. Conclotion: The results of this study demonstrated that transplantation of NPC-derived BMSCs led to significant remyelination in demylinted corpous callosum}, Keywords = {Bone marrow stem cells, Demyelination model, Neuroprogenitor cells, Inducer, Transplantation}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.35}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3933-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3933-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajibagheri, K. and Abaszade, A. and Afrasiabian, Sh. and Verdi, F. and Roshani, D and Abdi, F and Mohsenpour, M}, title = {: Frequency of human papilloma virus genotypes Among woman with genitalia lesion , Sanandaj ,Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Genital wart is the most common sexually transmitted infection and its role in cervical cancer has been confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the frequency of its genotypes in the patients with genital lesions referring to the clinics in Sanandaj, Iran. Material and Method: This descriptive analytical study included 50 women with genital lesions referring to the clinics in Sanandaj City from February 2016 to February 2017. Biopsy samples were examined for four genotypes (HPV 16, 18 (high risk) and HPV 11, 6 (Low risk)) by PCR. Demographic information and risk factors were recorded in a questionnaire for every patient. Using spss v.20 software, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Fischer test was used to investigate the relationship between the risk factors and HPV infection. Results: The results showed that 28 cases (56%) were HPV positive. Among the four genotypes of HPV, HPV 6 was the most frequent (32%), followed by the types of 18 (12%), 16 (6%) and 11 (2%). Co-infection of HPV-16 and 18 were found in 2 cases (7.1%).The mean age of the patients with HPV infection  was 34.07 ± 8.7 years and the mean age of the first sexual contact was 21.22 ± 4.8 years. No significant association was found between the risk factors and HPV infection (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of HPV infection and its asymptomatic course in many cases, early detection and treatment of the genital warts, especially HPV16 and 18, can lead to prevention of cervical cancer.  }, Keywords = {Human Papillomavirus, Genotype, genital lesion, PCR}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {46-52}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.46}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3797-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3797-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Panj, M and ghajarbeygi, P and Mahmoudi, R and Shahsavari, S}, title = {Effect of whey protein concentrate edible coating and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil on the microbial, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of fresh strawberries during storage}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Strawberry is a valuable product that has a relatively short storage life. Use of chemical fungicides to extend storage life has been a matter of concern. In recent years, use of edible coatings has been regarded as a safe method in order to replace synthetic coatings. The aim of this study was to increase the storage-life and maintain the quality of strawberry by using edible coatings of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil during a storage time of 10 days at 4 ± 1 ° C and relative humidity of 75 ± 5%. Materials and Methods: We extracted the essence of the seeds by Clevenger apparatus. Then, the active components of the essence were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In this study we used edible coating of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%).Microbial quality )number of molds and yeasts, total microbial count(, physicochemical characteristics (weight loss, acidity, pH, soluble solids, texture firmness, and decay) and organoleptic characteristics were assessed in the experimental group after packing, before storage (at the beginning of storage ) and then 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after storage and compared with those in the control group. Results: This coating significantly delayed the growth of microorganisms. By increasing concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, the mold and yeast counts after 10 days of storage reached zero and we found a logarithmical cycle reduction in the microbial load. As well texture firmness, weight loss, and decay percentage significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. On the 10th day, the decay rate was 86% for the control group and 10% for the case group containing 0.6% essential oil. Changes in PH, acidity and soluble solids were not significant. The best organoleptic properties were related to the priming with 0.2% essential oil, which also had a positive effect on the parameters in our study. Conclusion: Strawberry fruit coating with whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil can be regarded as a safe and effective way to increase the storage life and quality of strawberry fruit in cold environments}, Keywords = { Strawberry, Edible coating, Storage, Whey protein, Trachyspermum copticum essential oil }, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-66}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.53}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3828-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3828-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhafariFarsani, Marzieh and Reiisi, Somayeh and peymani, Maryam}, title = {Study of Down Regulation IL-37 Expression in Breast Cancer Tumoral Tissues and its Association with Tumoral Grade 3}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Nowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. Considering the high prevalence, identification of diagnostic markers can be useful for early diagnosis and cancer management. In recent years many studies have been conducted to determine the role of cytokines in cancers, but role of IL-37 in breast cancer has not been determined, yet. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-37 expression in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients and its relationship with pathologic and clinical symptoms. Material and Methods: In this case-control study we examined 50 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumoral tissues from breast cancer patients and 50 non-tumoral adjacent tissues. After informed consent, clinical information of the samples were recorded. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized. Then, the relative gene expression was determined by using quantitative real-time RT PCR (qRT-PCR) and evaluated by  method. Finally, the expression pattern was analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study indicated that, the mean relative expression of IL-37 in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent healthy tissues and there was statistically a significant difference between them with a 95% confidence level (P = 0.003). The results also indicated a significant decrease in the expression of this cytokine in the tumoral tissues with sizes of >3cm (P = 0.02). The reduction in gene expression was clearly observed in the tumors of grade 2 and 3, which showed a significant relationship between gene expression and grade 3 tumors (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed IL-37 can be regarded as a potentially sensitive and valuable biomarker for diagnosis of breast cancer and also tumor size determination. The results of this study can also be used in clinical and diagnostic  studies on breast cancer}, Keywords = {Brest Cancer, IL-37, Gene Expression, Real time PCR}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {67-76}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.67}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3657-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3657-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yazdanfar, Seyed Kamaladin and Edalatmanesh, Mohammad Ami}, title = {Systemic transplantation of valproic acid primed human adipose stem cells on amelioration of motor deficits in animal model of cerebellar degeneration}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Cerebellar degeneration is characterized by disturbance in complex motor functions, balance, muscular strength and motor learning. This study investigated the effect of systemic transplantation of human adipose stem cells (hMSCs) primed with valproic acid (VPA) on amelioration of motor disorders in animal model of cerebellar degeneration. Material and Methods: After inducing unilateral lesion in rat cerebellum (Folia VI) by quinolinic acid, CM-DiI  labeled hMSCs isolated from adipose tissue by liposuction, were primed with VPA for 48h and transplanted by way of the jugular vein, systemically. Then, we used cylinder, rotarod, hanging wire and beam balance test to assess motor functions in a period of 6 weeks after transplantation. Results: Six weeks after transplantation surviving hMSCs were detectable in the lesion site. The hMSC transplanted group showed markedly improved functional performance in motor learning, locomotor asymmetry, dysmetria, and neuromuscular strength and balance, in the first 6 weeks after transplantation compared to the control group. On the other hand, transplantation of VPA primed hMSCs led to a better amelioration in motor functions compared to non-primed hMSCs transplantation in the rats. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, cell therapy by means of VPA primed hMSCs can result in improved migration and homing capacity which can be regarded as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as cerebellar diseases.}, Keywords = {Mesenchymal stem cell, Adipose tissue, Valproic acid, Cerebellum, Motor function}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {77-90}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.77}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3968-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3968-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Beheshtipour, Javad and Akradi, Loghman and Raeeszadeh, Mahdieh}, title = {The effect of aqueous extract of grapevine leaf (Vitis vinifera) on pathologic feature of the pancreas in type-1 experimental diabetes: a different approach to medicinal plants}, abstract ={Background and Aim: There has been many studies on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of type-1 diabetes, as a chronic metabolic disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extract of grapevine leaf (Vitis vinifera) on histopathological changes in pancreas of male Wistar rats with alloxan-induced type-1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: control (C); diabetic (S); T1, T2 and T3 (diabetic animals treated with aqueous extract of grapevine leaf with doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively). The extracts were administered daily by gavage for 21 days. At the beginning and end of the study, blood glucose levels were measured. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized based on the animal research ethics. We isolated the pancreases of the animals for evaluation of histopathological changes based on the following criteria: vacuolation of cells; degenerative changes; vascular hypertrophy and hyperemia. Results: Blood glucose levels in the T2 group were significantly reduced compared to those in other groups (P < 0.05). Among the diabetic groups, the highest and lowest histopathological lesions in the pancreas were observed in S and T2 groups, respectively. The histopathological lesions of the pancreas in the T3 group were less than those in the T1 group, although these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that prescription of 400 mg/kg of grapevine leaf aqueous extract could be effective in the treatment of diabetes and improvement of its histopathological changes.}, Keywords = {Type-1 diabetes, Vitis vinifera, Pancreas, Rats}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {91-99}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.91}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4015-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4015-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadifar, Mojgan and Talaei, Sayyed Alireza and Vakili, Zarichehr and Bahmani, Fereshteh and Memarzadeh, Mohammad Reza and Aarabi, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {Eavaluating antinociceptic effect of nano-emulsion gel conataining rosemary and peppermint essential oils in a rat model of osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Despite identification of the antinociceptive effects of rosemary and peppermint essential oils, use of these essential oils has been limited due to its low solubility in water and low bioavailability. Use of nanoparticles is one of the ways to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study nano-emulsions containing rosemary and peppermint essential oils were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. In order to investigate the analgesic effect, 30 male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: sham (receiving saline injection into the knee), osteoarthritis(receiving intra-articular injection of 2 mg monosodiumiodoacetate), OA (receiving gels containing nano-emulsion, or rosemary and peppermint essential oil or diclofenac sodium). Treatments were administered topically at a dose of 1 ml daily. Mechanical and thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests were performed on the 1st, 4th , 7th  and 14th  days after injection. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: OA group showed a significant increased behavioral response to the mechanical and thermal stimuli on all days of the experiment compared to the control group (P<0.001). Use of  nano-emulsion or diclofenac gel led to significant increase in the response threshold to von-Frey fillamets (P<0.001), decreased response to acetone (P<0.05), and increased paw withdrawal latency (P<0.05). Histopathology of knee tissues confirmed the results of behavioral tests. Conclusion: Nano-emulsion containing essential oils of rosemary and peppermint reduced pain of osteoarthritis in rats. The nano-emulsification pro}, Keywords = {Nano-emulsion, Essential oil, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha piperita, Osteoarthritis, Pain, Rat}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {100-109}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.100}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4071-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4071-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Farjanikish, G. and Esmaeeli-Sani, Sh. and Mohammadi, P.}, title = {Effects of the long term exposure to mobile phone on testicular histology and serum level of the testosterone in mice}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phone electro-magnetic field (EMF) on testosterone level and testicular tissue in rats. Material and Methods: A total of 30 male mice were randomly divided into two equal groups ( n=15). Experimental group was exposed to EMF, by using mobile phone continuously for 90 days. Control group was kept under the same condition as the experimental group without EMF exposure. Throughout the study cell phones were placed on the wall of the cages. The cell phones were in standby mode for whole day and in talking mode for 150 min per day. At the end of the exposure period, total testosterone serum level was measured and histological examination of testicular sections were performed. Using GraphPad Prism’ software, data were analyzed by t-test. P<0.0001 was considered significant. Result: Mean plasma testosterone level in the experimental group was decreased compared to that in the control group (P<0.0001). Histological examination of testicular tissue of the mice exposed to electromagnetic field revealed seminiferous tubules cellular necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the paranchymal tissue, and decreased leydig cell count at interstitial space. In some necrotized tubules, multinucleated cells (syncytium formation) were observed. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that exposure to mobile phone electro-magnetic waves could result in histopathological changes in the male mice testis. Further studies can cast light on the molecular mechanism underlying cellular and tissue damage induced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation.  }, Keywords = {mobile phone, mice, testis, testosterone}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {110-118}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.110}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3540-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3540-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {kardoustparizi, mehdi and razi, ali}, title = {Management of Prostate Leiomyosarcoma by less extensive surgery, radical prostatectomy: A Case Report.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the prostate is an uncommon adult prostate tumor that represents less than 0.1 % of prostate malignancies. A highly aggressive clinical course and poor outcome are characteristics of this tumor. Diagnosis at early stage and radical surgery may be curative. Case report: A 60-year-old man referred with history of obstructive urinary symptoms refractory to medical therapy. The patient underwent simple open transvesical prostatectomy. Pathologic examination revealed primary LMS of prostate. Complementary studies including CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, as well as a whole-body bone scan were negative for metastasis. Radical prostatectomy and extensive pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed. All tumor margins and lymph nodes were free from tumor and there was no evidence of residual tumor. No evidence of disease recurrence was observed in a follow up period of 3 years. Conclusion: Acceptable oncological and functional outcomes can be achieved in the management of low grade LMS, by less extensive radical surgery including radical prostatectomy without removal of intra pelvic organs. However, the main recommendation is multimodal therapy including surgery and chemo-radiation therapy.}, Keywords = {prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, leiomyosarcoma}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {119-124}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.4.119}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3713-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3713-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gorzi, Ali and Tofighi, Asghar and Amiri, Bahareh}, title = {The effects of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress induced during strenuous endurance training on the kidney and lung tissues}, abstract ={Bckground and Aim: Strenuous endurance activities induce oxidative stress and influences important tissues such as kidney and lung. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the kidney and lung tissues during 8 weeks of strenuous endurance training in male wistar rats. Material and Method: In this experimental study, after one-week familiarization, 28 male Wistar rats (weight= 256.11±19.24 g, age= 8 weeks), were randomly divided into; Control (n=6), Curcumin (n=6), Endurance (n=8) and Endurance + curcumin (n=8) groups. Endurance training  was carried out 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks by using an animal treadmill. The speed and duration of running increased to 35 m/min and 70 min in the last week. The animals received intraperitoneal injections of curcumin supplement 30 mg/kg, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. GPX activity and MDA levels were measured in the kidney and lung tissues by spectrophotometric method. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Results: There were no significant differences in GPX enzyme activity in the kidney (p=0.077) and lung (p=0.114) tissues between the groups. However, MDA levels in the kidney (p=0.029) and lung (p=0.037) tissues in endurance training group were significantly higher than those in the endurance+curcumin group. Conclusion: It seems that strenuous endurance training in spite of inducing lipid peroxidation, can not disturb final line of antioxidant defense in the kidney and lung tissues. Also, strenuous endurance training induces oxidative stress in the kidney and lung tissues and curcumin supplementation can prevent oxidative stress}, Keywords = {Strenuous endurance training, Curcumin supplementation, Antioxidant capacity, kidney, Lung}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3937-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3937-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shetabi, Hamidreza and Shafa, Amir and Godarzi, kimi}, title = {Comparison of sedative and analgesic effects of propofol-ketamine and sufentanil-ketamine combination during bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Children with hematologic malignancy during the course of illness require diagnostic and therapeutic interventions which are associated with pain and stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the sedative and analgesic effects of propofol-ketamine and sufentanil-ketamine during diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the children. Material and Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial included children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, between 6 months and 14 years of age, who were candidate for lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration. Children were randomly assigned to two groups of 34, propofol-ketamine (PK) and sufentanil-ketamine (SK) groups. PK group received injections of propofol (1 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.7 mg/kg). SK group received injections of sufentanil (0.5 µg/kg) and ketamine (0.7 mg/kg) until the desired sedation level was reached. The two groups were compared with each other in regard to quality of sedation, analgesia and hemodynamic changes during the intervention and in the recovery room. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to demographic characteristics,(P> 0.05). The relative frequency of deep sedation levels in the SK group was greater than that in the PK group (P = 0.09). The mean pain severity in the SK group was significantly lower than that in the PK group (P = 0.02). Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that use of ketamine with propofol or sufentanil in painful procedures can provide sedation and analgesia. Sufentanil-ketamine is preferred to propofol- Ketamine because of inducing superior quality of sedation and analgesia and also stability of hemodynamic parameters, in children with acute lymphoblastic }, Keywords = {Sedation, Propofol, Ketamine, Sufentanil, Bone Marrow Aspiration, Lumbar Puncture, Desaturation, Apnea, Bradycardia}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {12-21}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.12}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3966-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3966-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ahmadidehrashid, keyvan and Siahkohian, Marefat and Ahmadi, Salahadin and Bolboli, Lotfali}, title = {Comparison and study of the effects of resistance exercise trainings with two different loadings with Omega3-6-9 supplement on Adiponectin and hsCRP in Healthy overweight young men}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two types of resistance exercise training along with omega-3-6-9 supplementations on some risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 healthy overweight young male students from Payame Noor University of Hamedan  City were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 10 subjects, including circular resistance exercise+omega3-6-9 supplementation, progressive pyramidal resistance training+omega3-6-9 supplementation, circular resistance exercise+placebo, progressive pyramidal exercise+placebo, omega3-6-9 supplement and placebo. Exercise groups completed training programs for 12 weeks. Adiponectin levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured before and after the 12-week period of physical training. Data were analyzed using paired t test, two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results: Circular resistance exercise, but not progressive pyradimal exercise, with  omega3-6-9 supplementation (P=0.000) and circular resistance exercise with placebo (P=0.007) resulted in significant increases in adiponectin levels, but not hsCRP levels. The difference between post-test mean values of the two types of exercise was significant for adiponectin, but not for hsCRP. The effect of supplementation on the level of hsCRP, independent of the type of exercise, was significant (P=0.031). There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to the hsCRP levels. Conclusion: Circular resistance exercise, but not progressive pyramidal, increased serum adiponectin levels independent of omega3-6-9 supplementation.}, Keywords = {Resistance exercise training, Omega3-6-9 supplement, Adiponectin, hsCRP}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {22-31}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.22}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4061-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4061-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, Adel and KkhademEerfan, Mohammad Bagher and Barati, Mohammad and Ghaderi, Shahl}, title = {Evaluation of antileishmanial effect of the plant extract of alpha-pinene (Pistacia atlantica) in vitro and in vivo}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease which presents with a wide range of clinical features, including cutaneous and visceral forms in Iran. Leishmania (L) major is one of the agents responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis transmitted by the bite of sand fly. In this study we assessed the antileishmania effect of pistacia Atlantica (alpha-pinene) in culture and also its therapeutic effects on Balb/c mice infected with L. Major. Material and Method: Certain amount of promastigots was challenged with increasing concentrations of pistacia atlantica extract. MTT test was used to assess promastigote survival after 24, 48 and 72 hours. For in vivo assessment, in the stationary phase, 0.1 ml solution containing 2×106 promastigotes were injected subcutaneously into the base of the tails of the mice. Four weeks after injection, cutaneous lesions appeared and different doses of the extract were applied daily in the form of an ointment for 3 weeks. Diameters of the lesions were measured at the end of each week and therapeutic effect of the extract on the lesions was assessed. Results: The results of MTT test revealed remarkable effect of the treatment on the growth of promastigots. IC50 values for glucantime and alpha pinene were found to be 10 µg/ml and 1.46 µg/ml respectively. 30 % ointment of the extract decreased the lesion diameter significantly while 15% ointment and treatment for control group were ineffective. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed antileishmanial effect of alpha-pinene on Leishmania major promastigots, in vitro. Moreover, topical ointment of the extract can reduce size of the lesions caused by the parasite, in vivo.  }, Keywords = {Pistacia atlantica, Leishmania major, Area of lesion, alpha-pinene, MTT }, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {32-44}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.32}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3129-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3129-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nehbandanii, Zanaz and RezayeeKahkhaGaleh, Maryam and Bordbari, Mino and Koochakzai, Maryam}, title = {Comparison the effects of aromatherapy with rose extract and lavender on the pain of the active phase of labor in primipara women}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Pain is a common phenomenon of the labor process and use of non-pharmacological and complementary therapies to reduce labor pain has been on the rise. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aromatherapy with rose extract and lavender on the pain in the active phase of labor in primipara women. Material and Methods: This clinical trial included 60 primiparous women referring to the maternity hospital of Amiral-Mo'menin in 1395. The women were divided into three groups. Aroma therapy with lavender and rose extracts was started at cervical dilatations of 5 to 4 cm, and repeated every 15 minutes. We used distilled water for the control group. The severity of pain was measured at cervical dilatations of 4-5, 6-7, 8-10 cm. We used an individual and a midwifery questionnaire, a check list of examination and a McGill pain questionnaire. Using spss 21 software, data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (ANOVA with repeated observations, one-way ANOVA, covariance, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis test). Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in relation to the mean pain intensity before the intervention (P = 0.603). The severity of pain decreased significantly in the lavender and rose groups (P = 0.001) compared to that in the control group after the intervention (P = 0.001), and pain reduction in the lavender group was more than that in the rose group. Conclusion: Aromatherapy with lavender resulted in a more significant reduction in labor pain compared to that with rose essential oil.}, Keywords = {aroma, rose, lavender, pain, active phase of labor}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {45-54}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.45}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4170-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4170-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Ebrahim and Marandi, Seyyed Mohammad and Ghasemi, Nazem}, title = {Evaluation of curcumin effects on improvement of muscle strength, prevention of oligodendrocytes and myelin damage in brain, in an animal model of multiple sclersosis (MS)}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which is accompanied by neurological disability. Curcumin can be effective in prevention of this abnormal condition because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, its potent antioxidant effect and nerve protective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate curcumin effects on improvement of muscle strength, prevention of degradation of oligodendrocytes cells and myelin in rat brain. Materials and methods: Twenty eight rats (wt:200 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, sham (DMSO), cuprizone and curcumin. Curcumin group, received cuprizone (0.6%) gavage and curcumin (200 mg / kg) simultaneously for four weeks. During the study we evaluated muscle strength by using a behavioral basket test, the percentage of cells expressing A2B5 and MBP markers by immunohistochemistry technique. Myelin density was evaluated by luxol fast blue staining. Using Image J and  SPSS softwares, the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: Immunohistochemistry images showed that the percentages of mature oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocytes progenitor cells in the curcumin group were significantly higher than those in the sham and cuprizone groups (p≤0.05). In addition, myelin density and muscle strength were higher in the curcumin group compared to those in the cuprizone and sham groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of natural compounds containing curcumin, can be effective in the prevention of oligodendrocytes and myelin destruction in people susceptible to MS.}, Keywords = {Curcumin, Multiple sclerosis, Oligodendrocytes}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.55}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4286-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4286-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {heshmati, arezo and saed, omid and Mohammadi, Jahangir and Zenoozian, Saedeh and Yousefi, Fayegh}, title = {The efficacy of group acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing academic procrastination and improving difficulty in emotion regulation: A randomized clinical trial}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Procrastination, as a pervasive phenomenon in students is interwoven with emotional problems and failure in emotion regulation. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reduction of academic procrastination and improvement of difficulty in emotion regulation in the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Method: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Statistical population included all of the students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018. After screening, among 500 people, 150 students were selected on the basis of evaluation scales, in the first step. Then, we selected 40 students based on the severity of procrastination and our inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided them into two intervention groups (each group included 10 students) and a control group (n=20) using random number generator 3.1.v software. During the treatment sessions, 7 students were excluded from the two intervention groups. We used Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) for evaluation of the results. The intervention groups received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment therapy in the intervention group resulted in a significant reduction in: academic procrastination (42.1%), the total score of difficulty in emotion regulation (36.2%), difficulty in engaging in a goal-directed behavior (30.6%), impulse control difficulties (47.5%) and lack of emotional awareness (23.2%)(P<0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis indicated that with pre-test control, acceptance and commitment therapy, explains 16.1% of the academic procrastination changes and 45.9% of the changes in emotional regulation total score in the intervention group in comparison to the changes in the control group in the long run (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study have implicit and practical implications for the specialists in order to use long-term acceptance and commitment therapy for reduction of procrastination and emotion regulation difficulties.  }, Keywords = {Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, procrastination, emotion regulation}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {65-77}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.65}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4316-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4316-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amirpour-najafabadi, Behnam and Gholami, Mahsa and Zarie, Parvin and Hossieni, Sirvan and Sadegh, Mehdi}, title = {Effect of sodium valproate on adjusting increased hippocampal levels of NF-KB, S100B and GFAP following alloxan induced diabetes}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Peripheral and central nervous system neuropathy occur in chronic diabetes with uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Beneficial effects of sodium valproate have been demonstrated in neurodegenerative diseases. Sodium valproate has neuroprotective and regenerative effects via modifications in gene expression. In this study, we investigated effects of sodium valproate on the modifications in the hippocampal levels of NF-KB, AP-1, S100B and GFAP as a consequence of alloxan induced diabetes. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 24 adult male C57B15/J mice. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg; i.p.). Sodium valproate was administrated (100 mg/kg; i.p) every 72 hours for two months. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Then animals were killed, their hippocampuses were extracted and prepared for measurement of biochemical factors by ELISA kits. Results: Increased blood glucose levels due to alloxan induced diabetes were significantly reduced following sodium valproate administration (P<0.05). Also, chronic sodium valproate administration in diabetic animals significantly reduced elevated levels of hippocampal NF- KB, S100B and GFAP (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that sodium valproate can adjust diabetes induced modifications in the biochemical factors of the hippocampus which are indicators of cell damage, and maybe effective in prevention of diabetic neuropathy}, Keywords = {Diabetic neuropathy, Hyperglycemia, Valproic acid}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {78-87}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.78}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3609-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3609-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sheikhahmadi, Shobo and Kazemian, Mohammad and Afjeh, Seyed abolfazl}, title = {Association of umbilical cord lipid profile with gestational age and birth weight in newborns in Mahdieh Hospital in 2017}, abstract ={BBackground and Aim: Ischemic heart diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. The incidence of these disorders are increasing and the age of onset is on the decrease. The prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and hyperlipidemia is on the increase among children and adolescents. Various maternal and fetal factors can affect fetal fat levels. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the relationship of the level of umbilical cord blood lipids with gestational age and birth weight in the newborns born in Mahdieh Hospital in 2017. Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study we measured cord blood lipids levels of 375 newborns, born in Mahdieh Hospital in 2017. Newborns with known maternal or fetal complications were excluded from the study. Demographic, clinical and paraclinical data of the newborns and mothers were recorded in the questionnaire for every newborn and the relationship of the level of umbilical cord blood lipids (total cholesterol, VLDL, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride) with gestational age, birth weight, sex of the newborn, maternal age and BMI was evaluated. We used chi-square test to compare qualitative data and T-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient to compare quantitative data. Results: This study included 375 single-birth infants (191 girls and 184 boys). The mean umbilical cord serum values for triglyceride in the preterm and term infants were 122.2±31.2 and 97.6±31.7 (p<0.001), and for VLDL were 24.2±6.0 and 19.5±6.6 (p<0.001) respectively. The respective values for mean serum triglyceride and VLDL levels in umbilical cord blood were 126.6±34.6 and 100.1±32.6 (p=0.011) in the newborns with birth weight of less than 2500 grams. Also mean serum triglyceride and VLDL levels in umbilical cord blood were 24.9±6.7 and 19.9±6.7 (p=0.020) in the newborns with birth weight of more than 2500 gram (2500-4000 grams and higher) respectively. The respective mean levels of umbilical cord blood triglyceride were 90.8±33.0, 101.6±32.8 and 110.2±31.6 (p=0.047) for SGA, AGA and LGA newborns. Newborns of the mothers with BMI≥25 had higher levels of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL compared to the newborns of the mothers with BMI < 25. The lipid levels of umbilical cord blood had no relationship with mother’s age. We used t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation for quantitative and chi-square test for qualitative data analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mean serum levels of triglyceride and VLDL of the umbilical cord blood is higher in the preterm newborns and newborns with birth weights of less than 2500 grams. SGA newborns had lower umbilical cord blood triglyceride levels compared to the other newborns. Newborns of the mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity had higher umbilical cord blood levels of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL. We did not find any relationship between the levels of umbilical cord blood lipids and age of the mothers.  }, Keywords = {umbilical cord, lipid profile, gestational age, birth weight, newborns}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {88-95}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.88}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4317-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4317-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Somayeh and SoltanDallal, Mohammad Mahdi}, title = {Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women with and without history of abortion and detection of hemolysin (hlyA) gene in clinical samples}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Abortion is one of the most important medical problems which imposes a high cost on the households. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important causes of abortion and postpartum infection in the newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant women and compare its prevalence rates between women with and without a history of abortion in Tehran and also prevalence of hlyA virulence gene. Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, from May 2016 to December 2016  clinical samples of vaginal discharge were taken from pregnant women with  and without a history of abortion. All of the samples (100 sample) were collected from the patients referring to Arash Hospital in Tehran, by a gynecologist. The women filled out a questionnaire. The pregnant women who had received antibiotic were excluded from the study. All samples were transferred to the microbiological lab, rapidly. Results: After culture and differential tests, among 100 sample we isolated Listeria from 7 % (7 strains) of the samples (4 strains of L .monocytogenesis and 3 strains of Listeria seeligeri). In the samples taken from pregnant women with a history of abortion we found 3 stains of L.monocytogenes and one strain of Listeria seeligeri. In the samples obtained from pregnant women without a history of abortion one stains of L .monocytogenes and 2 strains of Listeria seeligeri were detected. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant women with a history of abortion is more than that in the pregnant women without a history of abortion. Despite the fact that this bacterium was not confirmed as a major cause of abortion in our study, but it may expose pregnant women to the risk of this problem.}, Keywords = {Abortion, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, pregnancy}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {96-107}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.96}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3616-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3616-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moghadasi, Mohsen and Kalantar-Neyestanaki, Davood and Karami-Zarandi, Morteza and Rahdar, Hossein Ali and Jasemi, Seyedesomaye and Feizabadi, Moammad Mehdi}, title = {Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of bla OXA genes in carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains}, abstract ={Bachground and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the important caues of nosocomial infection. Resistance to antibiotics specially carbapenem antibiotics is on the increase which can be an alarming sign for healthcare managers and personnel. The aim of this study was to investigate phentypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii in the samples obtained from the patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran city. Material and Methods: 100 strains were identified as A. baumannii by biochemical tests and molecular methods. Multiplex PCR method was used for identification of the genes of bla OXA family. Drug susceptibility pattern was determined by disk diffusion method. Result: Among 100 isolates, 95(95%) were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics( imipenem and meropenem). PCR method was performed to identify blaOXA family genes. 9 isolates had blaOXA-51 gene while 38 had both blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes. 20 isolates were positive for blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-24 genes, 6 isolates had blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58, and 8 isolates had blaOXA-51, blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-23 genes. 7 isolates were positive for blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-58. 4 isolates had blaOXA-51and blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-58 genes. We detected blaOXA-51and blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-58 genes in three isolates. Conclusion: According to our results carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains spread increasingly among hospital units. We found that carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter strains with a high resistance rate are common in the hospitals in Iran.}, Keywords = { Acinetobacter baumannii, bla OXA genes,carbapenem}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {108-119}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.108}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3791-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3791-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {DehghaniArani, Mehdi and Anbarian, Mehrdad and Ghasemi, Mohamad Hosei}, title = {Immediate effects of unstable shoe on myoelectric activity level of selected trunk muscles during load lifting}, abstract ={Background and aim: Unstable shoes usually are used in work environments to reduce work-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of using unstable shoes on the activity of trunk muscles during load lifting. Material and Methods: This semi-experimental study included 15 able-bodied men. Activation of rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, multifidus, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, and gluteus medius muscles in the dominant side of the body was recorded during load lifting in barefoot condition and with typical shoes, and unstable shoes on. We used analysis of variance with repeated measure test for data analysis (α=0.05). Results: The results of this study showed significant decrease in the mean normalized muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and quadratus lumborum during load lifting and also decreased normalized peak muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae as well as an increase in the normalized peak muscle activation of multifidus with unstable shoes on (P<0.05). Morover, with unstable shoes on, we found significant increases in the mean frequency values of external oblique, internal oblique, multifidus, and erector spinae muscles, compared to barefoot condition and with typical shoes on (P<0.05). Also, use of unstable shoes compared to the two other conditions decreased co-contraction level of the rectus abdominis/ erector spinae, rectus abdominis/ multifidus, internal oblique/ erector spinae, and external oblique/ multifidus muscles (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering decreased activation and co-contraction levels of the selected trunk muscles use of unstable shoes may have some beneficial effects such as reduction of stress on the lumbar vertebrae and prevention of various injuries to the lumbar region such as low back pain. However, more investigations are needed in order to provide more precise results.  }, Keywords = {Unstable Shoe, Trunk Muscles, Electromyography, Load Lifting}, volume = {23}, Number = {5}, pages = {120-131}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.5.120}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3945-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3945-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saffari-Chaleshtori, Javad and Jamali, Navid and Heydari, Ehsan and GhatrehSamani, Keih}, title = {Molecular dynamics simulation study of the effect of hesperetin on pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Many compounds derived from medicinal plants, such as antioxidants and polyphenols have significant roles in prevention and treatment of various cancers. Activation of apoptosis related pathways is one of the mechanisms for inhibition of cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of molecular dynamics simulation of hesperetin on the pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim. Material and Methods: In this study we collected data about 3 dimensional structure and Protein Data Bank (PDB) files of three apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim from Protein Data Bank (http://www.rscb.org/pdb). Using VMD v1.9.2, AutoDock v.4.2, and Gromacs v.4.5.4 softwares, we started processes such as optimization, simulation, molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations. Results: Binding of Bad molecule to hesperetin led to release of the highest amount of energy and reduced changes in the radius of gyration of Bad protein. But after binding of Bim and Bak proteins to hesperetin, changes in the radius of gyration, increased. The most frequent change in the secondary protein structure was related to increased amount of Bent structure and decreased amount of β-sheet structure in Bim molecule. Conclusion: Hesperetin can affect the activities of pre-apoptotic factors of Bad, Bak, and Bim by influencing their molecular dynamics. It seems that hesperetin has the highest effect on the activation of Bad molecule. Also, it can activate Bim protein and induce apoptosis via inducing alternations in the secondary structure of the protein.}, Keywords = {Molecular dynamics, Apoptosis, Hesperetin}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.1}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4291-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4291-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, Majid and Oryan, Shahrbanoo and Yousofvand, Namdar and Eidi, Akram}, title = {The effect of pomalidumide on inflammatory factors and pro-oxidant antioxidant balance in ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system which causes an increase in inflammatory factors such as IL-2,IL-4,IL-5, lymphocytes and eosinophils. These factors can increase the level of free radicals and oxidants. Pomalidumide, an anti-inflammatory drug that has stronger effects than its analogues, can significantly reduce inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pomalidumide on inflammatory factors and pro-oxidant antioxidant balance in the rat model of ovalbumininduced asthma. Material and Methods: Male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8): normal saline, ovalbumin+normal saline, ovalbumin+dexamethasone, ovalbumin+pomalidimide (0.4 0.8 mg/kg, ip). We used ELISA method to determine the level of inflammatory factors. We measured pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) for assessment of blood oxidant level. Results: We found significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory factors in the pomalidumide group. This decrease was more significant in the group that received pomalidumide 0.8 mg/kg, ip. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pomalidomide prevented the pro-oxidant antioxidant balance shift towards increasing oxidant factors in the asthmatic rats. Also it prevented increase in inflammatory factors including IL-2, IL-4,IL-5, lymphocytes and eosinophils in the ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model.  }, Keywords = {Pomalidomide, Asthma, Prooxidant-antioxidant , Inflammation}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {11-24}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.11}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4245-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4245-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {servatyari, karo and Garousi, Serror and Yousefi, Fayegh}, title = {Survey of the frequency of superstition and its related factors among students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2013}, abstract ={Background and Aim: One of the components of every culture is beliefs. Some of these beliefs are based on actual proven and solid foundation. Some of them are superstitions which are baseless and have been accepted by people. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of belief in superstitions and its related factors among the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods:  This was a study with mixed method design which was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative section was cross-sectional and the qualitative part of the study included views of the experts on the psychological, social, religious and political fields. In this study we used a valid and reliable researcher-made superstition questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts: belief in superstitions and tendency to superstition. We used stratified random sampling method and the sample size was estimated to be 386 students according to Cochran's formula. Data were entered into SPSS-20 software and analyzed by ANOA and chi-square test. Results: In this study 184(54%) students were male and 157 (46%) were female with the mean age of 20.26 ± 1.60 years. 309 students (90.6%) lived in urban areas, 54 (15.8%) had a tendency to superstition, 46 (13.5%) had high level and 122 (35.8%) had low level of superstitious beliefs. In this study, there was a significant relationship between gender (P=0.037) and age (p<0.001) with belief in superstitions. In addition, there was a significant relationship between residential area with tendency to superstition and belief in superstitions (p<0.001), while, there was no significant relationship between gender   and tendency to superstition (P=0.861). Conclusion: Considering the high frequency rate (64.2%) of belief in superstitions among the students as future community makers, comprehensive planning to decrease belief in superstition by means of various systems, such as universities, television and other relevant organizations, is essential.  }, Keywords = {Superstitions, Tendency to superstition, Superstition Belief in superstitious beliefs, Student}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {25-36}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.25}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4383-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4383-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ahmadian, Milad and Arzanlou, Mohsen and NaghizadehBaghi, Abbas and ImaniRad, Hamed and Hekmatfar, Somayeh}, title = {Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three types of materials (reinforced zinc oxide eugenol, MTA and Cem cement) used in primary teeth pulpotomy}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: One of the major purposes of pediatric dentistry is to maintain deciduous teeth in anatomical and functional conditions up to their physiological exfoliation and eruption of permanent teeth. Whenever pulp gets involved or exposed to mouth area and microorganisms penetrate into pulp, deciduous teeth needs pulp therapy. In the sterile environment, the exposed pulp tissue is able to repair itself and also to create a dentin bridge, but in the presence of bacteria, development of disease and ultimately death of the pulp will be inevitable. The ideal pulpotomy cement should have good physical and biological properties such as sealing of the remaining pulp tissue, being biocompatible and possessing antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of some usual materials used for pulpotomy in deciduous teeth.   Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of materials used in deciduous teeth pulpotomy including Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA (OrthoMTA) and CEM Cement against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Well diffusion test and disk diffusion test and time kill curve were used for antibacterial activity assay. Also, we evaluated stability of antibacterial activity of the materials. The antibacterial activity in disk diffusion and well diffusion test was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition, whereas in time kill curve the optical density of the bacterial suspension was measured. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at the significance level of 5% . Results: In well diffussion and disk diffussion tests all of the materials except CEM Cement showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The largest and smallest zones of inhibition belonged to zoliran and MTA respectively. The results of time kill curve revealed a similar pattern, so that during the experiment period Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA and CEM Cement showed the greatest effects in both groups of bacteria respectively. Conclusion: Reinforced ZOE groups had the greatest effect in inhibition of growth of S.mutans and L.acidophilus compared to MTA and CEM Cement. Thus, use of Zoliran, Sina and Kemdent Zonalin cements in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth can be useful in controlling bacterial growth and achieving success in pulpotomy.}, Keywords = {antimicrobial activity, reinforced ZOE, MTA, Cem Cement, pulpotomy, primary teeth}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {37-46}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.37}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4396-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4396-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Ahmad and Gorzi, Ali and Ghanbari, Mehdi}, title = {The effects of high intensity interval training and strenuous resistance training on hippocampal antioxidant capacity and serum levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity in male rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Knowledge of the physiological stress caused by different types of exercise training can be an important factor in proper designing of training programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of strenuous training (HIIT and resistance) on hippocampus superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks and weight: 205.19±17.19g), after one week of familiarization with environment and training, were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=6), HIIT (n=7) and resistance (n=7). During 10 weeks (5 sessions per week), rats performed an incremental HIIT training on the animal treadmill. HIIT training protocol started with 30 m/min running on the treadmill for one min with 10 reps and two min active rest at the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min for 1 min with 7 rep and 3 min active rest at the last week. In addition, resistance training was performed on one-meter height ladder (divided by 26 stairs) with a load of 30℅ of their body weight (suspended from tail) in the first week, which gradually increased to 250℅ of their body weight in the last week. We evaluated the activity of SOD and GPX in the hippocampus, serum MDA and TAC levels by spectrophotometry and ELISA Kit. Results: The results of this study revealed no significant alterations in SOD and GPX activity in HIIT and resistance groups (P>0.05). However, the serum levels of TAC and MDA increased significantly in HIIT (p=0.001) and resistance groups (p=0.002) compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on our results, it seems that the effect of high-intensity interval and resistance training on hippocampus is not signifcant which could result from adaptation of hippocampus to this type of training in the long run. However, the significant increase of TAC and MDA in serum which represents high-level physiological stress induced by this type of training, should be considered in designing an exercise training program.}, Keywords = {Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Peroxidation, Intensive Training}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {47-58}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.47}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4394-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4394-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Pashaie, Tahreh and Bahmani, Afshin and Taymoori, Parvaneh}, title = {Assessment and analysis of the lifestyle indices in regard to the status of nutrition and physical activity in middle-aged people ( between 30 and 59 years of age) in Kurdistan by using the data of apple system}, abstract ={Bacground and Aim: Frequency rates of many non communicable diseases can be reduced by changing lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the status of lifestyle indices in relation to nutrition, physical activity and body mass index in middle-aged people referring to health centers in Kurdistan Province. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5022 middle-aged (30-59 years old) in 2016. Sampling method was census. Demographic data about nutritional status, physical activity and body mass index were obtained from the apple system. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test and chi-square test. Results: 5022 participants with equal sex ratio and a mean age of 41.8 ± 12.46 years were entered into the study. In our study men had more physical activity during walking and working than women (p <0.001). About 74% of the participants were overweight or obese. The proportion of obesity in the women was higher (p <0.001). The proportion of obesity in people who walked more than 60 minutes/day was less than that in those who walked between 31-60 minutes/day (28% versus 38%) (p <0.001). In spite of optimal consumption of vegetables by both genders, 52% of the participants did not consume enough fruit. Approximately 76.5% of the people had used enough dairy products. The women used dairy productes less frequently compared to the men (70% versus 83%), (p <0.001). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in the study population were at an alarming level. Obesity prevention programs for, middle-aged people should focus on encouraging physical activity, especially in women}, Keywords = {Lifestyle, Nutrition, Physical activity, Middle age}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {59-71}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.59}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {AboutalebKadkhodaeian, Hamid and Salati, Amir and Ansari, Mojtab}, title = {Use of skin tissue engineering for achieving the novel approach for fabrication of skin replacement by chitosan and gelatin Immobilization on silicone film}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Nowadays, the tissue-engineered products have shown promising effect in the treatment of different skin-related damages such as wounds and deep burns. The nature of the surfaces of these substitutes plays a key role in the interaction between tissue and biomaterials. Before biomedical applications, modification of the surface of these materials is important. Material and Methods:  In this study, acrylic acid in different concentrations were grafted on silicone (after activating the surface of silicone film by two step plasma method). Then, chitosan and gelatin at different concentrations were immobilized on the samples. Then, surface characterization and properties were evaluated by ATR-FTIR and contact angle (sessile drop method). Finally, we evaluated cell attachment, cell spreading and the number of L929 cells. Result: The results showed that the amount of grafted acrylic acid on silicone film was significantly influenced by acrylic acid monomer concentrations. Also the presence of the graft was verified by ATR-FTIR. The results also demonstrated that increased concentrations of acrylic acid and chitosan led to increased rate of surface hydrophilia. Cell attachment, spreading, and cell number onto silicone films treated by immobilization of chitosan and gelatin, were more in comparison to other samples.  Conclusion: Due to its high biocompatibility, the tissue-engineered skin product can be used as a skin replacement in various skin wounds and burns.}, Keywords = {Skin tissue engineering , Chitosan , Gelatin , Silicone , Surface modification}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {72-88}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.72}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4423-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4423-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Pourranjbar, Mohamad and Kazemi, Abdolreza and Arab, Mohamad-jav}, title = {Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on visceral and subcutaneous levels of Leptin and plasma insulin and glucose in Wistar male Rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on visceral and subcutaneous levels of leptin, plasma glucose and insulin levels in male Wistar rats.  Material and Method: 20 male rats (mean age: 8 week and mean weight: 190±10 gr) randomly divided into resistance training (n=7), HIIT (n=7) training and control (n=6) groups. Training program continued for 5 weeks (5 sessions/week). Training program consisted of running on treadmill with incremental increase in intensity of 37-52 meters per minute, 6-12 two minute bouts with 1 minute rest between the bouts. 72 hours after last training session and in fasting condition, rats were sacrificed and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were removed. The samples were freezed and maintained at -80 C° for subsequent tests.  We used independent T-test for data analysis. Results: The results showed significant variations in visceral and subcutaneous levels of leptin and plasma levels of insulin between the training and control groups (p<0.05). But, the variation in glucose levels between the training and control groups was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that HIIT decreased visceral and subcutaneous levels of leptin, and reduced the risk factors associated with obesity. HIIT also reduced plasma insulin and glucose levels which can lead to decreased insulin resistance.}, Keywords = {: High Intensity Interval Training, Leptin, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, insulin}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {89-100}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.89}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-2517-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-2517-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mosadeghrad, Ali Mohammad and Pour-reza, Abolghasem and Akbarpour, Ne}, title = {Social determinant of economic burden of Autism in Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) do not cause premature death and has no definitive treatment. Thus, the life time cost of ASD is very high. Identification of the factors contributing to the cost of this disorder has a key role in its cost management. The purpose of this study was to investigate social factors affecting ASD costs. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2017, by using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Social and economic factors contributing to ASD’s direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect costs of ASD were investigated. 290 ASD patients, were entered into the study. Using SPSS software, 21st version, appropriate statistical tests (Spearman and Pearson tests, independent T-test and ANOVA test) were used for data analysis. Results: The mean total cost for an ASD patient was 223,561,841 Rials (6,883 $US). About 32%, 52% and 16% of the total costs were related to direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. ASD costs had statistically significant relationships with the patient age, gender, education, type of school, parents’ job, family income and health insurance. Conclusion: Autism imposes heavy costs on the patients and their families. Cost of ASD could be affected by social factors such as age, gender, education, health insurance, job and income. Therefore, health policy makers and health care managers must take special measures for prevention and control of this disorder, treatment, cost management and provision of social and economic support}, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorders, Economic burden, Direct costs, Indirect costs}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {101-114}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.101}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4366-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4366-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzade, Soleiman and Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza and Ahmadi, Nastaran and Hooshyari, Zahra and tahazade, somaye and Yousefi, Fayegh and Maleki, Behnam and hamidi, sam}, title = {Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents 6 -18 yearsold in Kurdistan province in 2016}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents impose high costs on individuals, families and society, and are associated with significant problems in the future. The purpose of this study was to conduct the epidemiological study on psychiatric disorders in children between 6 and 18 years of age in Kurdistan Province in 2016. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kurdistan Province in 2016. Using random cluster sampling and systematic method, 1016 people were selected and examined for psychiatric disorders by using a digital version of the K-SADS. Result: The results showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the children and adolescents in Kurdistan Province in 2016 was 33.8% (34.4% of the boys and 33.1% of the girls). Anxiety disorders (21.9%) and behavioral disorders (16.3%) had the highest prevalence rates. Abuse disorders (0.7%) and psychotic disorders (0.9%) had the lowest prevalence rates respectively. The highest prevalence rates belonged to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (11.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (8.9%) and specific phobia (8.8%) respectively. Autism disorders (0.1%), substance use disorders (0.1%) and incopresis (0.1%) had the lowest prevalence rates. Conclusion: At least 33% of the children and adolescents in Kurdistan Province needed psychiatric outpatient and inpatient services. Awareness of this issue is essential to develop policies on prevention of mental illness, promotion of general health and provision of mental health services to people in Kurdistan Province. We should consider mental disorders of childhood and adolescence as a key risk factor for the future psychiatric problems.  }, Keywords = {Epidemiology, Prevalence, Psychiatric Disorders, Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview K-SADS-PL}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {115-127}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.115}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4216-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4216-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rouhi, Samaneh and Mohajeri, Parviz and Ramazanzadeh, Rashi}, title = {Survey and typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains causing nosocomial infection using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Identification of the source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as cause of nosocomial infections is an important step towards infection control. The purpose of this study was to perform multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat survey and analysis for typing of P. aeruginosa as a cause of nosocomial infection. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 134 clinical samples of P. aeruginosa in Sanandaj from December 2015 to August 2017. Phenotypic tests and PCR were performed to confirm P. aeruginosa. Molecular typing was carried out by variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and analysis was performed using a zero-and-one matrix. Using Stata 12, data were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p≤0.05). Results: 41.79% of P. aeruginosa strains were associated with nosocomial infections. The highest number of clinical specimens were related to tracheal (51.78%) and the least number associated with sputum and abdominal fluid (each one1.78%). There was a significant relationship between nosocomial infections and intensive care unit (ICU) (p≤0.05). Also nosocomial infections showed a significant relationship with tracheal samples (p≤0.05). Analysis of 10 strains isolated from nosocomial infections showed 10 patterns with a similarity of 72%. Conclusion: Nosocomial infections were related to P. aeruginosa and we showed epidemiological distributions of this bacterium in our study. Identification of the origin of the bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections is an important step in the prevention and control of these infections.}, Keywords = {Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nosocomial infections}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {128-141}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.128}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4333-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4333-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hasanpour, Seyede zahra and Allahbakhshianfarsani, Mehdi and Hajifathali, Abbas and Mohammadi, Mohammad hossei}, title = {Evaluation of Beclin 1 and Atg10 gene expression of the autophagy pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common cancer in children and juveniles and is also seen in adults with lower frequency. Autophagy is a programmed catabolic process of the cell for destruction of damaged organs and proteins which is carried out by lysozymes. Disruption of autophagy leads to abnormalities in cellular processes associated with cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we compared the expression of Beclin 1 and Atg 10 genes between 50 patients with B-ALL and 18 healthy subjects as our control group, by using RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, and RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed by statistical tests. Results: The majority of B-ALL patients showed a significant reduction in the Beclin1 and Atg 10 genes compared to control group (P <0.05) and the mean expression of the genes (2 -∆Ct ± SD) were 0.10 ± 0.49 and 1.01 ± 0.27 for ALL patients and control group and 0.15±0.44 and 1.07±0.85 for Atg10 and Beclin1 respectively. There was no significant correlation between expression levels of Beclin1and Atg10 in these patients (r =-0.013, P =0.926). Conclusion: Considering the reduced expression levels in the essential genes of autophagy in ALL patients in our study and also other studies in this field, disruption of autophagy may be involved in leukomogensis}, Keywords = { Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Autophagy, Gene expression, Beclin1, Atg 10, RTPCR}, volume = {23}, Number = {6}, pages = {142-151}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/sjku.23.6.142}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3626-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3626-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2019} }