@article{ author = {Azarkish, Fatemeh and Absalan, Nasrin and Roudbari, Masoud and Barahooie, Farideh and Mirlashari, Shahla and Bameri, Mehrnaz}, title = {Effect of oral castor oil on labor pain in post term pregnancy}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Back ground and Aim: Post term pregnancy may lead to mortality in peri natal period and yet its mechanism is not clarified. Stress of absence of labor pain post partum infection physical damage due to macrosomia of the baby and bleeding due to atony of uterus are potential hazards which can be encountered in post term pregnancy. Many methods are available for induction of delivery. For example drugs, surgical and mechanical methods and alternative methods can be used to prevent post term pregnancy. Despite wide use of castor oil to initiate labor, the obstetric literature contains few studies about this botanical laxative. This study deals with the effect of oral castor oil, on the initiation of labor in post term pregnancy. Material and Methods: This clinical trial included 30 pregnant women at≥41 weeks, experiencing their 2nd to 5th singleton pregnancy, without uterine contraction and a Bishop Score of 4 or less before intervention, and with no medical or obstetric problem. Patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Patients of experimental group received a single dose of castor oil (60 mL, PO), with fruit juice. Two groups were followed for 24 hours and were advised to avoid using enema, intercourse, laxatives, herbal, chemical or traditional drugs for induction of labor. Data were collected by means of interview, observation and delivery characteristics forms. Chi square, Fisher, exact and T-test were used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that labor pain was started earlier in experimental group than in control group (p=0.003). Mean Bishop Scores in experimental and control groups were 4.4±0.63 and 2.66±0.72 respectively. The length of the first stage of labor in experimental group was less than that of control group (p=0.002). The rate of normal delivery in experimental group was higher than that of control group (p=0.003). Conclusion: Labor pain begins earlier within 24 hours after taking caster oil. Key word: Castor oil, Labor pain, Post term Pregnancy Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: June 7, 2008 Accepted: August 9, 2008}, Keywords = {Castor oil, Labor pain, Post term Pregnancy}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Afkhamzadeh, Abdolrahim and Askarian, Mehrdad and Barari, Mohammad and Hadinia, Behrooz and Jokar, Mehrvash}, title = {Comparison of the rate of enteric colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in medical wards with surgical wards of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz.}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Enterococci were the first organisms which developed resistance to vancomycin. In the recent years, they have shown resistance to many antibiotics and vancomycin is one of such antibiotics. Risk factors for rectal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci include patient related factors such as underlying diseases and hospital related factors such as duration of hospitalization, treatment procedures and antibiotic use. In this study the prevalence and risk factors for rectal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the medical and surgical wards were assessed and the results of the study in the 2 above mentioned wards were compared with each other. Material and Methods: Serial rectal swabs were obtained from 370 hospitalized patients in seven medical wards and 143 patients in five surgical wards every five days. Sampling method was stratified random sampling. During the study 750 samples of rectal swab were taken under sterile conditions. Enterococci were detected by disk diffusion method and their resistance to vancomycin was verified by minimum inhibitory concentration dilution method. Chi square and T tests were used for data analysis. Results: Among 513 patients, 76 (15%) were colonized with VRE (cases) and 40 patients with vancomycin-sensitive strains (VSE). Medical wards showed a higher rate of colonization (18.1%) in comparison to surgical wards (6.3%). In surgical wards, prevalence of VRE was related to clinical outcome (p=0.04) and major surgery (p=0.000), but in medical wards, VRE colonization showed a significant relationship with duration of hospitalization (p=0.03), underlying disease (p=0.04), the number of antibiotics (p=0.02), renal failure, history of dialysis (p=0.01) and duration of antibiotic use. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that VRE prevalence in medical wards is three times as those of surgical wards. Considering longer period of hospitalization, use of more drugs for longer periods and also presence of underlying diseases in medical ward patients, performance of infection control strategy in regard to VRE seems necessary. Key words: Enterococci, Entric colonization, Vancomycin-resistant, Medical wards, Surgical wards. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: June 9, 2008 Accepted: August 4, 2008}, Keywords = {Enterococci, Entric colonization, Vancomycin-resistant, Medical wards, Surgical wards}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Emami, Ahmad and Mahmudi, Mahmood and ZamaniTaqizadehRabe, Shahrzad and Ahi, Ali}, title = {Assessment of in vivo leishmanicidal effect of Artemisia spp. native to Khorasan Razavi province}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Leishmania major is the responsible organism for cutuneous leishmaniasis. Many people are infected or at risk of infection with leishmania parasites. The drugs used for the treatment of leishmaniasis have unpleasant side-effects or are not effective. Therefore production of new and effective leishmanicidal agents is necessary. Artemisia spps have leishmanicidal property but there have been no report about such property in Artemisia spp. native to Khorasan Province. The objective of this study was to assess the leishmanicidal activity of 11 Artemisia spps. native to Khorasan Province. Materials and Methods: Eleven species of Artemisia were collected from Khorasan Provinces and their ethanol, ethylacetate, dichloromethan and hexan extracts were prepared. Leishmania major promastigotes were cultured in vitro in RPMI culture medium. Leishmanicidal effects of these extracts were evaluated by MTT assay and reported as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Results: All extracts were inhibited proliferation of promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner. Ethanol extracts had the strongest effect and hexan extracts (except for A.fragrans) had the weakest effect. Ethanol extracts of A.kulbadica (IC50:0.025), A.ciniformis (IC50:0.025) and A.santolina (IC50:0.080) had the most potent leishmanicidal activity. All ethyl acetate extracts (except for A.fragrans and A.turanica) showed stronger leishmanicidal activity than dichloromethan extracts. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated Artemisia spp. from Khorasan Province are suitable plants to be assessed for leishmanicidal activity in vivo. So, isolation of effective compounds and determination of their structures will be necessary. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: March 1, 2008 Accepted: August 9, 2008}, Keywords = {Artemisia spp., Leishmanicidal activity, Leishmania major, Promastigote}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {15-20}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Eshaghi, Morteza and GhasemianSafaee, Hajieh and Havaee, Ali Asghar and NavabAkbar, Farokhtaj and Salehi, Rasool and Tavakoli, Hamid and Hasanzadeh, Akbar}, title = {Assessment of babA2 genotype frequency in H. Pylori and its relationship with digestive tract diseases in patients in Isfahan’s Alzahra Hospital}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { H. pylori, BabA2 genotype, Gastritis, Duodenal ulcer, Adenocarcinoma}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {SoltanDallal, Mohammad Mehdi and Vahedi, Saeed and Ebrahimi, Ayoob and NorozBabaei, Hamideh and FazeliFard, Parasto Sadat and Saberpoor, Fatemeh and Fakhariyan, Farahnaz and Tabatabaei, Akram Sadat}, title = {Evaluation of three enrichment broths and six plating media for isolation and detection of salmonella in food stuffs}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Salmonella, Foodborne diseases, Isolation.}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {28-34}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Arasteh, Modabber and Hadinia, Behrooz and Sdaghat, Abdollah and Charejo, Nader}, title = {Assessment of mental health status and its related factors among medical and non medical staff in the hospitals of Sanandaj city in 1385}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Mental health, Hospital staff, Psychiatric hospital, Sanandaj.}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sepehriseresht, Saeed and ZahraeeSalehi, Taghi and Sattari, Morteza and Tadjbakhsh, Hasan and Aslani, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Assessment of the genetic origin of shiga toxin in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Escherichia coli, PCR, shiga toxin, phage}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-52}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Tajadin, Elahe and Farnia, Parisa and Kargar, Mohammad and Nawrozi, Jamileh and Ramazanzadeh, Rashid and Kazempour, Mehdi and Masjedi, Mohammad Reza and Velayati, Ali Akbar}, title = {Assessment of genetic pattern of mycobactrium TB isolated from Iranian and Afghan TB patients by means of VNTR typing}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Iran, Afghan, Mycobacterium TB}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {53-61}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {HosseiniDoust, R and MohabatiMobarez, A and Amini, M and HaghiTumetri, F}, title = {Inhibitory effects of probiotics on H. pylori by co-culture method}, abstract ={  ABSTRACT   Background and aim: The antibiotic resistance and also harmful side effects of treatments processes are among the most fundamental reasons of treatment failures. Therefore the global efforts are focused on subsidiary and more successful treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to assess inhibitory effect of one probiotic regime on H. pylori isolated from peptic ulcer patients.   Material and Methods: Forty species of H. pylori were isolated from stomach biopsy samples from 140 patients with gastritis. After culturing biopsy samples in brucella blood agar and identification of the bacteria by standard complementary tests, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion and E-Test methods. Antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, claritromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline was checked for all H. pylori isolates. H. pylori species were cultured in brucella broth medium and then the isolates were co-cultured with L acidophilus for assessment of antagonistic effect of L acidophilus on H. pylori growth.   Results: Among 4 5 species, 25 (55 .5 %) showed antibiotic resistance. The resistance rates to metronidazole, claritromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline were (65 %), (33%), (22%) and (20%) respectively. Lacto bacillus acidophilus prevented growth of 26 (57.7%) H. pylori- species among which, 68% were antibiotic sensitive and 31.8% antibiotic resistant.   Conclusion: Although growth of half of H.pylori isolates were inhibited by Lactobacilli species, the proportion of unaffected isolates is considerable. The results of this study were almost compatible with those of other studies. Checking more isolates under standard laboratory conditions is necessary to determine the exact inhibitory effect of lactobacillus. At the present time the inhibitory effect of lactobacillus on some enteric pathogens has been recognized, but more studies are required to understand the mechanism and factors involved in such inhibitory effect.}, Keywords = {Key words: H. pylori, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Antibiotic resistance, Probiotics}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {62-69}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigation of clonality among high level gentamicin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from sewage treatment plants in Tehran}, abstract ={  ABSTRACT   Background and Aim: The development of high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, penicillin and glycopeptides singly and in combination by enterococci, has important clinical implications. Enterococci are normal flora of intestine and are released into the environment through faeces. One of the investigation methods on enterococcal population is the screening of sewage treatment plants for presence of enterococci. The aim of this study was to determine clonal diversity among HLGR enterococcal isolates , obtained from the sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Tehran.   Material and Methods: From November 2005 to May 2006 a total of 140 enterococcal isolates were collected from 3 sewage treatment plants (STP) located at different parts of Tehran. Confirmation of species and detection of gentamicin resistance genes were performed by PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC determination tests were performed on the basis of CLSI standard. Php typing was used for typing of enterococcal HLGR isolates.   Results: E. faecalis (26%) and E. faecium (74%) were the most common species in STPs samples. E. faecium had the highest rate of resistance to tetracycline. The MICs for all of enterococcal HLGR isolates were ≥1024 µg/ml and most enterococci contained aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia gene. Only one E. faecium isolate showed aph (2")-Ic gene. Php typing of sewage HLGR E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates yielded 16 and 50 patterns with a diversity index of 0.910 and 0.945, respectively.   Conclusion: The presence of aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia gene in most of HLGR isolates, suggested widespread dissemination of this gene in the enterococcal isolates in sewage. Clonal diversity in HLGR and MDR entrococcal population showed wastewater could be a possible reservoir for circulation of these isolates in the community.}, Keywords = {Key words: Entrococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, HLGR enterococcus, Php typing}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {70-82}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A case report of hydatid cyst of brain}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key Words: Echinococcus Granulosus, Brain, Hydatid cyst}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {83-89}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2008} }