@article{ author = {Yazdanpanah, Kambiz and Rahimi, Ezatollah and Sharifian, Afsaneh and Eishi, Ali}, title = {Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Kurdistan Province, 2006}, abstract ={Background and Aim: It is estimated that more than half of the world population are infected with H-pylori. Therefore, this infection maybe regarded the most common infection in human being. The organism may be unique among bacterial pathogens in provoking a wide range of sequelae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of H-pylori infection in Kurdistan Province in the west of Iran, in 2006. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, the sample size included 1503 people, older than 10 years of age, who were selected randomly out of Kurdistan resident population. Samples were tested by use of ELISA method for detection of H-pylori IgG antibody using kits of Trinity Biptech capita H.pylori IgG. Data were introduced into SPSS software and analyzed by means of Correlation analysis, t-test, and X2 test. Results: Blood specimens from 1503 subjects were collected. 866 (57.6%) patients were female and 637 (42.4%) were male. 802 (53.35) patients were living in urban and 70 (46.64%) patients in rural areas. The mean age of subjects was 32.15 (SD=14.91) years, with age range of 10 to 100 years. The prevalence of H-pylori infection was 36.5 percent. Conclusion: According to the results of this study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in our subjects is relatively low which must be considered in clinical evaluation Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Jan 30, 2009 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori, Prevalence, Kurdistan, Serology}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Abdi, Mohammad and Sheykh, Nasrin and Amiri, Iraj and Fathi, Fardin and Saiidijam, Masou}, title = {Induction of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rat into hepatocyte and study of their biochemical factors}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi potential and capable of differentiating into specialized tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of differentiation of the bone marrow MSCs of rat into hepatocytes by use of fibroblast growth factor-2 (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and oncostatin M (OSM) in order to find a suitable source of hepatoecytes for bioartificial liver or liver transplantation. Material and Methods: In this research MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of rat and cultured in DMEM-LG medium supplemented with 15% FBS. These cells were treated with differential medium supplemented with HGF, bFGF and OSM for 24 days. Morphology, RT-PCR and Biochemical assays were used to identify the differentiation of stem cells into hepatic cells. Result: MSCs took a round shape after differentiation, while undifferentiated cells had fibroblast-like morphology. Albumin, urea and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were detected in differentiated cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity was confirmed by biochemical tests. The mRNA expression of CK-18 and tyrosine amino transferase (TAT) in differentiated cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR after induction. Conclusion: The rat MSCs from bone marrow can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in the presence of HGF, bFGF and OSM in vitro. Cytokines may play an important role in differentiation of bone marrow MSCs of rat into hepatocytes. Bone marrow derived MSCs are a new source of cell types which can be used for cell transplantation in hepatic diseases. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Feb 8, 2009 Accepted: March 8, 2009}, Keywords = {Cell differentiation; Hepatocytes; Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Stem cells.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-22}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Bashirian, Manoochehr and Zarehbinan, Farokh and Shahsavari, Siroos and Sabooni, Farib}, title = {ََComparative efficacy of two breath training methods and lower extremity aerobic exercise on amount of respiratory ventilation and quality of life of patients with chronic bronchitis}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Chronic bronchitis is clinically characterized by productive cough for over three months during two consecutive years. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis and is the fourth leading cause of death in females and fifth in males. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of pulmonary rehabilitation including breath training and lower extremity aerobic exercise on ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and quality of life of the patients with chronic bronchitis. Materials and methods: This study was an experimental randomized control trial. 71 patients with moderate to severe chronic bronchitis enrolled into the study. 24 patients used breathing exercised, 24 patients performed lower extremity aerobic exercise for pulmonary rehabilitation and other 23 cases were in control group. The duration of the study was 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by means of paired t test, ANOVA test and post hoc LSD. Results: In this study mean ratios of FEV1/FVC and quality of life scores showed no significant differences between the breath training and control groups (p>0.05). But comparison of the mean ratios of FEV1/FVC and the mean values of quality of life scores showed significant differences in the patients who had performed lower extremity aerobic exercise compared to control group (p<0.001). In control group the differences of mean values of FEV1/FVC and life quality scores, before and after study were not significant. Conclusion: Considering the ratio of FEV1/FVC and life quality scores, lower extremity aerobic exercise is more beneficial than breath training methods to the patients with chronic bronchitis. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Oct 31, 2008 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = { Breathing training, Lower extremity aerobic exercise, FEV1/FVC, quality of life, Chronic bronchitis}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Golmohammadi, Mitra and Shirvani, Mohamm}, title = {Comparison of sedative effects of propofol-ketamine with propofol during retrobulbar nerve block in cataract surgery}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Retrobulbar block is a relatively unpleasant and painful procedure. For well being and safety of the patients during retrobulbar block, sedation is required. This study was designed to compare the sum of sedative effects of ketamine and propofol with that of propofol alone in patients receiving retrobulbar block for cataract surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty patients were assigned into two groups randomly and received retrobulbar nerve block for cataract surgery. Under identical conditions, in the propofol group sedation was induced with 0.3mg/kg propofol while sedation in ketamine plus propofol group was induced with 0.3mg/kg propofol plus 0.15mg/kg ketamine. In all patients, vital signs, the status of sedation and hypnoses, intraocular pressure, amnesia, onset and duration of sedation were measured and recorded. Side effects of the drugs were evaluated in the first 24 h after operation. Data were analyzed by means of T-test and x2. Results: Duration of sedation was longer in ketamine plus propofol group (5.8±2.8 min) than that of propofol group (4.1±2.4 min) (p0/05). On the other hand ketamine plus propofol group patients showed a decline in the need for excess sedation, awareness, and psychological reactions. Seven patients in propofol group developed vertigo and six patients in ketamine plus propofol group developed agitation as the side effects of these drugs. Conclusion: Addition of low dose ketamine to propofol will increase duration of sedation and decrease IOP, without increasing unwanted side effects, in comparison with propofol alone for performing retrobulbarblock,. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Dec 14, 2008 Accepted: April 15, 2009}, Keywords = { Retrobulbar nerve block, Sedation, Propofol, Ketamine, Cataract Surgery.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mansoori, Majid and ShahFarhat, Ahmad and Mohammadzadeh, Ashraf}, title = {The evaluation of the effect of maternal blood lead concentration on the incidence of delivery of low birth weight neonates}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Low birth weight of the neonates is one of the most common problems in neonatology and its incidence is 7.6% of all live births. Several risk factors including lead exposure during pregnancy have been considered as predisposing factors. Thus, we decided to study the relationship between maternal blood lead level and the incidence of delivery of the low birth weight neonates. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 mothers with low birth weight newborns (2500gr) were considered as case and control groups respectively and admitted in Emam Reza Hospital, Mashad Medical University, in 2005. Blood lead level was measured by use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean values of age, BMI and place of residence between the 2 groups (P values were 0.17 for age, 0.9 for place of residence). Mean neonatal weight in case and control groups were 2001±437gm and 3156±422.7gm respectively. Mean maternal blood lead level was 144.6±28.5 µg/lit. Mean maternal blood lead level in control and case groups were 124.6±17.5 µg/lit and 104.9±26.4 µg/lit respectively which showed a significant difference (P=0.02). In addition, blood lead level in 68.8% of mothers was higher than 100. Conclusion: Blood lead levels in the mothers of our study were significantly higher than those of other studies in other countries. Although elevated blood lead level during pregnancy did not lead to low birth weight deliveries, it may give rise to nervous system disorders in the future. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Dec 25, 2008 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = {Blood lead, Birth weight, Pregnancy.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Tabari, Masoomeh and Soltani, Ghasem and Zirak, Nahid and Goshayeshi, L}, title = {Effect of magnesium sulfate on cardiac arrhythmias after open heart surgery}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Postoperative cardiac arrhythmias are among the most common complications of cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of infusion of magnesium-sulfate on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias especially atrial fibrillation (AF) and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and Methods: In this clinical trial 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups. In experimental group sixty patients received intravenous magnesium-sulfate 2gr at the night before operation and 2gr during operation and 30mg/kg on the first, second, third, and fourth days after surgery. In control group sixty patients underwent surgery as the routine treatment. Incidence of atrial fibrillation and premature ventricular contraction were evaluated during and after surgery. For analysis of qualitative variables, X2 and Exact Fischer tests were used. Results: Preoperative patient characteristics and operative variables were similar in both groups (P>0.05). No postoperative AF was detected in the patients of magnesium group, while 4 (8.3%) patients in control group developed AF post-operatively (P=0.03). Post-operative PVC occurred in 12 (20.7%) patients of magnesium group and in 21 (42.9%) patients of control group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Infusion of magnesium sulfate during operation seems to be effective in the prevention of new episodes of AF and PVC after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Jan 15, 2009 Accepted: April 9, 2009}, Keywords = {Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), magnesium sulfate, Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), cardiac arrhythmia.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Yaghmae, Parichehr and Parivar, Kazem and Haftsavar, Minoo and Zarebinan, Farokh and Shahsavari, Siroos}, title = {Study of the effect of lemon peel essential oil on blood lipid levels and differential leukocyte count}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are often the result of vessel occlusion by atherosclerosis and quantitative disturbances such as increased blood cholesterol and other plasma lipid levels, have important role in its pathogenesis. The most important cause of infectious diseases and its progress is insufficiency of immune system and especially insufficient activation of leukocytes. Therefore an increase in the number of leukocytes and augmentation of immune system can lead to prevention of infectious diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of oral lemon peel essential oil on the level of blood lipids and differential leukocyte counts. Materials and Methods : In this research , one class of adult Wistar male rats were used (n=6), including control group that were fed with enough food and water, sham group and experimental groups (1,2,3) which were fed with %2 solution of cholesterol in oleic acid by gavage for five weeks. Simultaneously, lemon peel essential oil 25µLit/Kg, 50µLit/Kg and 100µLit/Kg were given to the first, second, and third experimental groups respectively, but sham group received saline solution. At the end of this period, blood samples were obtained from the heart ventricles of the rats to measure plasma lipids by enzymatic method, in control, sham and experimental groups. Blood smears were prepared to assess differential leukocyte counts. Data were introduced into SPSS (ver12) software and analyzed by means of Kruskul-walis and mann-whitney U statistical tests. Results: The results of this research showed that the effect of low doses of lemon peel essential oil was slight on decreasing the level of cholesterol and LDL in the experimental group in comparison to sham group (p0.05). However, moderate and high doses of the oil showed significant effects on decreasing cholesterol (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.01) and triglyceride levels (p0.05). The study revealed that three doses of essential oil had significant effects on increasing the number of leukocytes (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that lemon peel essential oil probably can prevent atherosclerosis and decrease incidence of cardiovascular diseases by decreasing plasma lipid levels. In addition, it is likely lemon peel essential oil prevents infectious diseases and cancer by increasing the number of leukocytes and percentage of blood lymphocytes which result in augmentation of immune system. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Oct 17, 2008 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = {Lemon peel essential oil, Blood lipids, Leukocyte, Rat, Wistar}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Solati, Jalal and Oryan, Shahrbanoo and Parivar, Kazem and Zarindast, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Effects of amygdala cholinergic system on modulation of anxiety behaviors of rats by use of Elevated Plus Maze test}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Anxiety is a common psychological disorder in the society which can be accompanied by physiologic and behavior disorders. There is evidence that neurons and cholinergic receptors are involved in the neurobiology of anxiety. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors of cholinergic system in amygdala of rats on anxiety, by use of Elevated Plus Maze test. Material and Methods: In this study the locations of amygdale in the rats were determined by stereotaxis method and leading cannulas were inserted into the same locations for drug injection into amygdala. The effects of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors of central amygdala for controlling anxiety in the rats were assessed by use of Elevated Plus Maz test. Results: Bilateral intra amygdala injection of physostegmine (2 µg/rat) decreased percentage of open arm time (OAT) and open arm entries (OAE) (p0.05). Bilateral administration of nicotine (1 and 2 µg/rat) into central amygdala (intra-CeA) induced an anxiogenic effect, shown by decreases in the percentage of OAT and percentage of OAE (p<0.05). Bilateral intra-CeA injection of mecamylamine (20, 30, 50 ng/rat), a selective nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) antagonist led to a significant anxiolytic behavior in the rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors of amygdale have a role in controlling anxiety. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Nov 12, 2008 Accepted: April 22, 2009}, Keywords = {Amygdala, GABAergic, Nicotine, Rat, Anxiety}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Shackebaei, Darush and Godini, Ali Ashraf}, title = {Assessment of the role of nitric oxide component of Falcaria vulgaris extract in coronary vasodilatation in the isolated rat heart}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Falcaria vulgaris locally named Paghazah has been used traditionally as a herbal medicine and as a vegetable in the west of Iran. Effects of the plant extract on the isolated rat heart including vasodilatation have been shown in our previous study. The aim of this study was to assess thoroughly the effect of the plant on vasodilatation, role of the nitric oxide as one of the most important mechanisms of vasodilatation, and the potential cytotoxic effect of this herbal medicine on the isolated rat heart. Material and Methods: Hearts of male Wistar rats were isolated and perfused under constant pressure according to Langendorff method. Extract of the plant was prepared by soaking it in 70% ethanol according to percolation method. The rats were assigned into three groups. In one group (n=8) concentrations of 0.2, 1 and 5 microgram/ml of the extract were infused into the hearts over a period of 5 minutes and different cardiac parameters were measured and recorded. In the second group (n=8) 15 mg and 22.5 mg of the extract were used as bolus injections by ten minute intervals. Then the above mentioned doses were injected again into the hearts treated with LNAME (100micmol). In the third group, at first the hearts were treated with LNAME, then 15 mg and 22.5 mg of extract were injected. Results: Results of this study showed that infusion of concentrations of 0.2, 1 and 5 micgr/ml of the extract significantly increased coronary solution flow (CSF) from the third to the fifth minute after infusion (P<0.05). Following injection of 15 mg and 22.5 mg of extract, CSF increased significantly from 10.58±0.63 and 9.66±0.52 ml/min to 13.76±0.51 and 12.18±0.64 respectively (P<0.05). Also similar significant increases in CSF changes were seen in the presence of LNAME (P<0.05) which indicated nitric oxide played no role in this mechanism. Amount of LDH released after bolus injection of the extract did not significantly differ from its amount in the control group. Conclusion: In the present study we emphasize that the coronary vasodilator effect of Falcaria vulgaris hydro alcoholic extract in the isolated rat heart is significant. Nitric oxide is not involved in this mechanism. Considering the time and wide range of administrated doses (infusion method) and reversible effect of the extract it can be regarded harmless. Also on the basis of LDH measurement it has no cytotoxic effect. In our study nitric oxide had no role in coronary vasodilatation. Therefore evaluation of other mechanisms of vasodilatation brought into play by the extract is recommended. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Jan 9, 2009 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = { Falcaria vulgaris, Isolated rat heart, Vasodilatation effect, Cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-83}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Shabnam and Movahedin, Mansoureh and Mowla, Seyed Jav}, title = {The effects of Selenium on changes in sperm antioxidant capacity in old and adult rats}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Selenium as an antioxidant is essential for normal function of testis and spermatogenesis. It can reduce formation of free oxygen radicals and as a result it is expected to improve male fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in antioxidant capacity of old rats sperms after prescription of 0.2 mg/kg of Selenium. Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 old male rats of 10-12 months of age and 15 adult male rats of 2-3 months of age were randomly divided into three groups: control, sham and experimental groups. Control group did not receive any treatment sham group rats received intra peritoneal injections of equal volume of Selenium solvents (normal saline) as Selenium in experimental group. Experimental groups of male rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of Selenium (0.2 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. After 42 days from initiation of injection, the rats were killed by cervical dislocation and after obtaining sperm, total antioxidant capacity of the sperms was measured by FRAP assay. The absorbance of TPTZ-Fe+2 was read at 593 nm by spectrophotometery. For the statistical analysis, SPSS software was used and data analysis was performed by means of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Withney U tests. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Results of this study showed significant differences in mean values of total antioxidant capacity in both old and adult rats in experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Also comparison of mean values of antioxidant capacity of sperm solution in adult and old control groups showed a significant difference (742.26±1.06 vs. 672.061±0.78 respectively) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Selenium treatment in old rats (0.2 mg/kg after 35 days) can improve total antioxidant capacity of the sperms of old rats. Regarding low levels of antioxidants in old rats, it can be suggested oxidative stress can result in diminution of antioxidant levels. Therefore antioxidant therapy could be considered as a method for improvement of the quality of sperms of old men. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Sep 15, 2008 Accepted: May 31, 2009}, Keywords = { Selenium- FRAP assay- aging mouse- sperm.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {84-91}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {EdalatiShateri, Zohreh and Ashkani, Najmeh and ModaresGharavi, Mortez}, title = {Investigation of the association between worry, problem solving styles, and suicidal thoughts (without depression) in non clinical population}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adults in the world. Traditionally, studies on suicide have emphasized the relationships of mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and some personality disorders with suicide. But the relationship between suicide and other forms of psychopathology, such as anxiety disorders, has received less empirical attention and, there are a few studies concerning the effects of anxiety without depression on suicidal behaviors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between worry, suicidal thoughts and problem solving styles in non clinical population. Material and Methods: This research is a correlation study. Sixty six female students who were not depressed completed the Paykel’s instrument for measuring suicidal thoughts and attempts, Cassidy & Long problem solving style and Penn State Worry Questionnaires (PSWQ). Data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: People with suicidal thoughts, people with suicidal plans and normal people showed significant differences in the extent of worry and problem solving styles (P<0.01). There was a significant correlation between worry and three subscales of problem solving styles. Covariance analysis revealed the extent of worry has affected some of problem solving styles. Conclusion: The results of this study not only supported the relationship between worry, problem solving styles and suicidal thoughts and plans but also demonstrated that worry is an effective factor in developing tendency towards using some problem solving styles. Conflict of Interest: Nill Received: Dec 23, 2008 Accepted: April 28, 2009}, Keywords = { Suicide, Worry, Problem solving style.}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {92-100}, publisher = {Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1560-652X}, eissn = {2345-4040}, year = {2009} }