per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
1
11
article
The effectiveness of Islamic religion therapy and breathing and HRV biofeedback therapy on increasing HRV and decreasing depression among CABG patients
Mohyeddin Amjadian
1
Hadi Bahrami Ehsan
hbahrami@ut.ac.ir
2
Reza Rostami
3
Siamak Vahedi
4
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Islamic-based religious psychotherapy, breathing-based meditation and HRV biofeedback therapy on increasing HRV and resonance frequency (psychophisologic harmony) and decreasing depression among CABG patients.
Material and Method: Sixty CABG patients were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: religion, breathing techniques and control ones. Each group consisted of 20 patients The experimental groups received a weekly two-hour session with homework for eight weeks to increase psychophysiolgical harmony. The control group received only their normal hospital interventions. HRV and resonance frequency and DASS-21questionnaire were used for patient assessment before and after intervention. One –way ANCOVA and descriptive graphs were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that religion related intervention led to increased psychophysiolgical harmony and decreased depression in CABG patients
Conclusion: Most CABG patients developed some degree of depression which may be ignored in the treatment centers. Therefore psychological intervention and breathing-based meditation intervention are recommended.
Kew words: Islamic religion therapy, Breathing and HRV biofeedback, Depression, heart rate variability (HRV), Resonance frequency (psychophysiologic harmony).
Received: Sep 2, 2016 Accepted: Jan 17, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3107-en.pdf
Islamic religion therapy
Breathing and HRV biofeedback
Depression
heart rate variability (HRV)
Resonance frequency (psychophysiologic harmony).
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
12
20
article
The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats
Ramin Amirsasan
1
Saeed Dabbagh Nikokheslat
2
Pooran Karimi
3
Ameneh Esmaeli
ameneh.esmaeili@yahoo.com
4
Backgrounds and Aim: Aerobic exercise has proven benefits in treating and reducing the incidence of complications of chronic diseases such as diabetes. In this study we evaluated the effect of aerobic training on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into healthy control,diabetic control, exercise diabetic groups. 2nd and 3rd groups were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (37mg/kg), two weeks after receiving high-fat diet. Groups of aerobic exercise performed treadmill exercise 5 times/ week for 8 weeks with duration and intensity of 55min /d and 26m/min respectively in the final weeks. 24 hours after the last exercise blood samples and hippocampus tissue samples were obtained and concentrations of serotonin (µg/g) and tryptophan hydroxylase were measured by Elisa and western blotting methods respectively. We used ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test for data analysis.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that the diabetic group had significantly lower serotonin levels compared to the healthy control group (P=0.001) and exercise diabetic group (P=0.01).The mean tryptophan hydroxylase level of the diabetic groups were significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (P=0.001). The amount of tryptophan hydroxylase was significantly higher in the exercise diabetic group compared to that in the diabetic control group (P=0.001)
Conclusion: In this study, diabetes led to reduction of serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in the hippocampus. Also eight weeks of aerobic exercise increased tryptophan hydroxylase level in the hippocampus of the diabetic rats.
Key Words: Aerobic Training, Diabetes, Depression.
Received: Jun 29, 2016 Accepted: Jan 22, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3108-en.pdf
Aerobic Training
Diabetes
Depression.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
21
31
article
Evaluation of inhibitory effect of caffeine on bone morphogenesis in pregnancy in a model of rat embryos
Leila Zarei
1
Moones Moloodi-tapeh
moloody81@yahoo.com
2
Background and Aim: High intake of caffeine and its side effects have attracted attention. Caffeine used by pregnant and breast-feeding women can enter the baby's body through placenta and milk. There have been many studies on the effects of caffeine on bone tissue with conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of caffeine on fetal rat femur bone.
Material and Methods: Fetuses of female N-MRI rats were selected and divided into control (n=84) and caffeine treated (n=89) groups. We selected randomly 4 fetuses of every rat, one for skeletal abnormalities, one for evaluation of femur bone, the third and 4th fetuses were used for histological examination (H & E staining and Alcianblue-Alizarin R/S), and morphometric and biochemical studies respectively.
Result: According to the findings of this study, fetal weights, rate of bone formation in the femur bone, concentration of phosphorus, zinc, magnesium and calcium in femur as well as the length of ossified bone and total area of the femur bone in the treatment group showed a significant decrease. Also we found a significant decrease in femoral bone length. Periosteum area/total area ratio in the cross section showed a slight increase in the treatment group which was not significant.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, caffeine can cause detrimental effects on bone formation and factors such as duration, doses and time of consumption of caffeine can influence the occurrence of anomalies in the fetus.
Key words: Caffeine, Fetus, Bone formation, Histopathology.
Received: Aug 4, 2016 Accepted: Jan 25, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3109-en.pdf
Caffeine
Fetus
Bone formation
Histopathology.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
32
47
article
Effect of education based on health belief model with relaxation on anxiety of nulliparouse women
Ahmad Fakhri
1
Hadi Morshedi
2
Isa Mohammadi Zeidi
easamohammadizeidi@gmail.com
3
Background and Aim: Scientific literature has emphasized the role of education and non-pharmacological methods such as relaxation techniques as the priority treatment for anxiety in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effect of education, based on the health belief model (HBM) associated with relaxation on anxiety of nulliparous women.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 120 nulliparous women referring to health centers in Qazvin City were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups by means of multi-stage sampling. Intervention course included 3 sessions of group education and a relaxation training session in addition to an educational CD and theory-based training booklet. The data collection tools included demographic questions, 58 item Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ), Knowledge scale and HBM related questions which were filled out by the participants in a self –reported manner before and after the intervention. Using SPSS 20.0, data were analyzed by analytical tests such as T-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and ANOVA.
Results: The mean scores of knowledge, perceived sensitivity and severity, perceived barriers & benefits, self efficacy and cue to action constructs improved significantly in the experimental group after the intervention (P<0.001). Results revealed a significant decrease in the total anxiety score (from 241.9 ± 42.3 to 164.1 ± 40.4, P< 0.01) and its dimensions in the experimental group after the intervention.
Conclusion: Regarding the effect of theory based relaxations training on reduction of anxiety in nulliparous women, use of these interventions to improve the health of women during pregnancy is recommended.
Key words: Pregnancy, Anxiety, Attitude, Behavior Modification, Relaxation.
Received: Aug 11, 2016 Accepted: Mar 13, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3110-en.pdf
Pregnancy
Anxiety
Attitude
Behavior Modification
Relaxation.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
48
63
article
The effects of ceftriaxone on sperm parameters, DNA damage and in vitro fertilization in mice
Morteza Seidabadi
1
Gholamreza Najafi
g.najafi2006@yahoo.com
2
Shapoor Hasanzadeh
3
Background and Aim: Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin derivative used in the treatment of respiratory infections and meningitis. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate ceftriaxone effects on sperm quantity, quality, damages and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in adult mice.
Material and Methods: 40 adult male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as following: control group received intraperitoneal normal saline every day; experimental groups 1 and 2 received 20 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day of ceftriaxone respectively through intraperitoneal route. Samples were obtained one week and 45 days after treatment Half of the animals in the test groups were analyzed after one week and the other half after 45 days. The sperm parameters including, sperm count, sperm viability, percentages of immature sperms, DNA damages, status of acrosomal enzymes, percentages of zygotes, two cell embryos and blastocysts were evaluated. Data were analyzed by repeated measure test. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Ceftriaxone caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the total number of the sperms, percentage of viable sperms, increased number of immature sperms and sperms with DNA damage. Use of ceftriaxone in the test groups led to decreased population of zygotes, two cell embryos, blastocysts and increased percentage of arrested embryos compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Ceftriaxone decreased sperm fertility potential by affecting the quality and quantity of sperms in mice.
Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Sperm parametrs, DNA damage, In vitro fertilization, mice.
Received: Jan 23, 2016 Accepted: Feb 7, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3111-en.pdf
Ceftriaxone
Sperm parametrs
DNA damage
In vitro fertilization
mice.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
64
70
article
The relationship between sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limb and independency in daily living activities in hemiplegic patients
Sadi Nikanfar
1
Minoo Kalantari
mn_kalantari@yahoo.com
2
Zahra Shafiee
3
Alireza Akbarzadeh-baghban
4
Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to find out the relationship between the various components of sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limb and independency in daily living activities in stroke patients.
Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study which included 40 hemiplegic patients. The patients were between 30 and 70 years of age and selected on a non random basis from rehabilitation clinics in Tehran. We used Fugel-Meyer assessment in order to assess sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limbs. Evaluation of independency in basic and instrumental activity of daily living was performed by using Barthel Index and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman coefficient.
Results: There was a significant relationship between hemiplegic lower limb motor function and independency in BADL (P=0.002, r =0.482) and IADL (P=0.001, r =0.494). There was also a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb corrdination and speed and independency in BADL (P<0.001, r =0.601) and IADL (P<0.001, r =0.557). Hemiplegic lower limb joint pain had significant correlation only with independency in BADL (P=0.009, r =0.410).
Hemiplegic lower limb sensation and passive joint motion had no significant correlation with independency in BADL and IADL. There was a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in BADL (P=0.002, r =0.477) and IADL (P<0.001, r =0.495).
Conclusion: The results of our study showed a relationship between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in daily living activities in the stroke patients. Therefore, different components of the lower extremity sensorimotor function should be considered in the rehabilitation programs for the hemiplegic patients.
Keywords: Sensorimotor function, Lower limb ,BADL, IADL, Hemiplegic.
Received: Oct 24, 2016 Accepted: Jan 23, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3112-en.pdf
Sensorimotor function
Lower limb
BADL
IADL
Hemiplegic.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
71
79
article
Prevalence of anti-toxocara antibodies in children with allergic manifestations referring to allergy clinics in Zanjan
Shahla Abbasi
1
Akefeh Ahmadi Afshar
2
Ali Haniloo
hani@zums.ac.ir
3
Background and Aim: Toxocariasis is a common parasitic zoonosis of humans, dogs and cats. Migration of Toxocara larva in the internal organs is accompanied by a variety of complications such as hepatomegaly, marked eosinophilia, pulmonary and ocular symptoms. In some cases, symptoms are nonspecific and the patients may only show allergy-like cutaneous and pulmonary manifestations. Considering the significant increase in the prevalence of allergic disorders, study of the possible etiologies of these disorders can lead to the early diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease. In this study prevalence of anti-toxocara antibody and some hematological parameters were compared between allergic and non-allergic children.
Materials and Methods: Our experimental group included 200 children under 15 years of age with skin and/or respiratory allergies referring to allergy clinics, and our control group consisted of 238 non-allergic children, matched to the experimental group in regard to age and sex. Specific anti-toxocara IgG titers were measured by TES/Ag-ELISA technique. Eosinophilia and leukocytosis were extracted from the CBC results. We used T-test and chi-square to compare the results between the two groups.
Results: The prevalence of anti-toxocara IgG in the children with allergic manifestations was significantly higher (4.5%) than that in the healthy children (0.8%). Children with allergic manifestations had a higher rate of eosinophilia (16.5%) compared to healthy children (0.4%), but there was no significant correlation between eosinophilia and toxocariasis serology.
Conclusions: Regarding the higher prevalence of anti-toxocara antibodies in the children with skin and respiratory allergies, investigation of toxocariasis in the patients with allergic symptoms is recommended.
Keywords: Toxocariasis, Serology, Allergy, TES/Ag-ELISA.
Received: Aug 17, 2016 Accepted: Jan 23, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3113-en.pdf
Toxocariasis
Serology
Allergy
TES/Ag-ELISA.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
80
95
article
Effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the use of hearing protection devices
Ahmad Fakhri
1
Hadi Morshedi
2
Isa Mohammadi Zeidi
easamohammadizeidi@gmail.com
3
Background and Aim: Noise is the most common and also preventable harmful physical pollutant in the workplace in the world. Although the hearing protection devices are the last way to prevent hearing loss, most people do not use the equipment properly and consistently. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of theory-based training on the rate of using hearing protection devices in workers of autoparts factories in Qazvin Industrial Towns.
Material and Methods: Using random sampling method, 120 workers from two autoparts factories in Kaspian and Alborz Industrial Towns were entered into this experimental study. Data collection tools included demographic questions and self-reporting questionnaire to measure TPB related constructs indirectly. The intervention program was composed of two 90 minute group discussion along with targeted educational booklet. Using SPSS version 20, data collected at different times were analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test and ANOVA.
Results: After the intervention, we found increased mean scores for: attitude (from 36.0±17.3 to 64.5±22.8), subjective norms (from 28.5±10.7 to 46.8 ± 12.4), perceived behavioral control (from 41.8±19.3 to 72.1 ± 21.5), behavioral intention (from 3.6±3.1 to 7.5±3.8). Also use of hearing protection devices significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior led to increased use of hearing protection devices among workers. Designing educational programs based on the above mentioned theory in order to increase the use of personal protective equipment in workers is recommended.
Key words: Hearing Protection Devices, Behavior Change, Health Education, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.
Received: Aug 11, 2016 Accepted: Feb 21, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3114-en.pdf
Hearing Protection Devices
Behavior Change
Health Education
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
96
109
article
A concept analysis of critical thinking in clinical nursing
Kaveh Bahmanpour
1
Hasan Navipour
naviporh@modares.ac.ir
2
Fazlollah Ahmadi
3
Anooshirvan Kazemnejad
4
Background and Aim: Aging of population, increased cultural and social differences in societies, increased rate of chronic diseases, reduction of financial resources, the flash-like technological changes, emphasis on home care, increased trend toward patient-centered care and evidence based practice have resulted in more complexity in clinical environments. Providing standard safe and effective care in such environmental conditions can only be achieved by development of critical thinking skills in the nursing staff. There are many definitions about critical thinking in nursing. Many of these explanations are complicated, without significant relation to the clinical and professional performances.
Material and Methods: We used eight step Rodgers’ concept analysis method to provide a clear definition about critical thinking in clinical nursing to determine antecedents, attributes and consequences. We searched valid online data bases for in English and Persian articles from 1995 to 2014. Finally, 58 articles 3 dissertations and 2 chapters from two books were analyzed by means of Rodger's inductive approach.
Results: The results of this study showed that, critical thinking in clinical nursing have 3 antecedents and 6 attributes including Use of nursing process in clinical situation, holistic and comprehensive performanceĜ Use of different patterns in order to achieve understanding, Using emotional intelligence skills in facing with clinical situations, facing with factors for critical thinking and elements of critical thinking. Achievement of critical thinking leads to positive outcomes such as effective and patient-centered care, creativity, evidence based practice and professionalism.
Conclusions: The result of this study let to development of a clear and comprehensive definition of critical thinking in clinical nursing. This definition can correct many misconceptions and misuses of the concept of critical thinking. The findings also can help clinical nurses to create a framework and guidelines for effective clinical performance. This framework can, guarantee the competency in nursing
Key words: Critical Thinking, Concept Analysis, Clinical Nursing, Iran.
Received: Nov 14, 2016 Accepted: Feb 7, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3115-en.pdf
Critical Thinking
Concept Analysis
Clinical Nursing
Iran.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
110
119
article
Intensity of depression, its predictive and mediating factors in the patients with chronic headache
Maryam Shaygan
shayganm@sums.ac.ir
1
Background and Aim: Headache is often associated with depression. However, depressive symptoms are more severe in some patients. The aim of the present study was to compare different types of chronic headache in regard to severity, frequency, depression, disability and physical and psychological impairment. We also examined the predictive and mediating factors of depression in the patients with chronic headache.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 203 patients with different types of chronic headache. For assessment of depression and pain intensity we used Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) respectively. For evaluation of disability we used physical and psychological impairment, and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS).
Results: Patients with different types of chronic headache revealed no significant differences regarding pain intensity, disability, and subjective physical and psychological impairment. Migraine patients showed the least pain frequency compared to the patients with other types of headache. Patients with migraine had lower severity of depressive symptoms compared to the patients suffering from cluster or mixed chronic headache. 41% of the changes in the scores, based on linear model of depression were predictable by pain diagnosis and disability rate. The results of multiple mediation showed the mediating role of the severity of disability in the relationship between pain intensity and depression.
Conclusion: The patient's pain intensity could result in depression through causing disability in doing personal and social activities.
Keywords: Chronic headache, Depression, Disability, Pain intensity.
Received: Jun 14, 2016 Accepted: Jan 31, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3116-en.pdf
Chronic headache
Depression
Disability
Pain intensity.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
120
128
article
Isolation, morphological characterization and host range determination of Iranian bacteriophages against Salmonella reference collection
Pegah Panahi
1
Ali Mojtahedi
alimojtahedi@yahoo.com
2
Mohammad Ali Khan Mirzaei
3
Mohammad Shenagari
4
Zahra Atrkar Roushan
5
Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. is important in medicine. Most related infections are self-limited. Antibiotics are used for high risk patients such as children, old individuals and immune-compromised patients. Overuse of antibiotics has led to increased emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria which are life-threatening. Phage therapy is an alternative method to reduce antibiotic use.
Materials and Methods: Waste water samples were collected from sewage system of Rasht City twice a month. Prepared suspensions of Salmonella reference collection A (SARA) number 1, 6 (S. typhimurium) and 46, 48, 51 (S. paratyphi B) and double LB broth were mixed with filtrated waste water. After centrifugation and filtration, serial dilutions were prepared and phages were isolated. Morphologic characteristics were determined using TEM (Transmission electron microscopy). Finally, to assess the spectrum effect of the bacteriophages, we determined host range against 19 SARA strains.
Results: Clear plaque formation on double layer LB agar indicated lysis of the test strains by isolated phages. The results of host range showed that some of the phages were able to lyse a number of other bacteria of SARA collection. Imaging with TEM indicated that the isolated phages against SARA collection belonged to Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families.
Conclusion: This is the first report of phage isolation against Salmonella reference collection in Iran. SARA no. 51 (S. paratyphi B) was lysed by S. typhimurium phage. It means that the isolated phage may lyse S. typhi, which is an important human pathogen.
Keywords: Salmonella reference collection, Bacteriophage, TEM, Morphology.
Received: Oct 31, 2016 Accepted: Jan 10, 2017
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3117-en.pdf
Salmonella reference collection
Bacteriophage
TEM
Morphology.
per
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
1560-652X
2345-4040
2017-06
22
2
129
139
article
Incidence rate of gastric cancer and its relationship with geographical factors using GIS in Khuzestan Province between 2009 and 2013
Changiz Rostami
1
Khairollah Asadollahi
masoud_1241@yahoo.co.uk
2
Koroush Sayehmiri
3
Maria Cheraghi
4
Background and Aim: Cancers have a special place in health programs because of the costs of diagnosis and treatment as well as their irreversible complications. Distribution of diseases and their relationship with certain geographical areas is a confirmed subject producing a scientific background for medical geography. This study aimed to determine the five-year incidence of gastric cancer and its relationship with geographical factors in Khuzestan Province between 2009 and 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study we assessed the incidence rate and relationship of gastric cancer with environmental, geographic and climatic factors. The study included all patients with gastric cancer in Khuzestan Province, between 2009 and 2013. The demographic and pathologic data of the patients had been recorded in a comprehensive cancer registration system. Using SPSS version 16, data were analyzed by independent T-test, Kruskai-Wallis test and ANOVA. Mapping of climatic factors was performed by Arc GIS.ver10.3 software.
Results: 1587 patients with gastric cancer had been recorded between 2009 and 2013 in the province's comprehensive cancer registration system. The mean age of the patients was 62.57± 14.17 years. 1047 patients (66%) were male, and 540 (34%) were female. The cumulative incidence of gastric cancer, was estimated as 35 per hundred thousand people. The relationship between gastric cancer and mean rainfall was statistically significant (p: 0.04).
Conclusion: The incidence rates of gastric cancer in different regions of the Khuzestan Province were not the same which can be related to the demographic variables as well as different geographic and climatic factors. Therefore, in order to identify the related risk factors in different regions further epedemeological and etiological studies are recommended.
Key words: Incidence rate, Gastric cancer, GIS, Geographical factors.
Received: Oct 26, 2016 Accepted: Dec 23, 2016
http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-3118-en.pdf
Incidence rate
Gastric cancer
GIS
Geographical factors.