<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</title>
<title_fa>مجله علمي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كردستان</title_fa>
<short_title>SJKU</short_title>
<subject>General</subject>
<web_url>http://sjku.muk.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>54</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal54</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1560-652X</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4040</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>sjku</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.61186/sjku</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>30</volume>
<number>5</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>بررسی مولکولی ژن های بتالاکتاماز های وسیع الطیف TEM ،PER،SHV، CTX-MوGES در جدایه های بالینی سودوموناس آئروژینوزا و ارزیابی ارتباط آن با  مقاومت های ضد میکروبی</title_fa>
	<title>Molecular Investigation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes of TEM ،PER،SHV، CTX- and GES in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Evaluation of Its Relationship with Antimicrobial Resistance</title>
	<subject_fa>میکروبیولوژی</subject_fa>
	<subject>Microbiology</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي اصیل</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Original Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;زمینه و هدف:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;سودوموناس آئروژینوزا&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;به علت دارا بودن انواعی از عوامل موثر در مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی مانند آنزیم&#8204;های بتالاکتامازی ، مشکلات درمانی متعددی را در بیماران ایجاد می&#8204;کند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;این مطالعه با هدف بررسی &lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در جدایه های بالینی &lt;i&gt;سودوموناس آئروژینوزا&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;فراوانی ژن های بتالاکتامازی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;TEM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;PER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SHV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; CTX-M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;GES &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;با استفاده از &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;PCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;انجام شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;مواد و روش ها:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی 150 جدایه &lt;i&gt;سودوموناس آئروژینوزا&lt;/i&gt; با روش &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Kirby-bauer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;طبق معیار های استاندارد آزمایشگاهی بالینی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;CLSI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;تعیین گردید&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; . سپس فراوانی ژن های بتالاکتامازی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;TEM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;PER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SHV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; CTX-M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;GES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;در جدایه ها با استفاده از روش &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;PCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نتایج به&#8204;دست آمده با نرم&#8204;افزار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SPSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; و آزمون پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;یافته ها: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که 52 %&amp;nbsp; (78 جدایه) جدایه &lt;i&gt;های سودوموناس آئروژینوزا&lt;/i&gt; از ترشحات تنفسی از بخش &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ICU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; به دست آمد. در میان 150 جدایه،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; پایین ترین میزان مقاومت در برابر سفپیم(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;38%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; )و آمیکاسین(42% &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;) مشاهده شد. همچنین اغلب جدایه&#8204;ها(78%)، حداقل غلظت بازدارنده 512&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;ge;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;میکروگرم برمیلی&#8204;لیتر نسبت به سفتازیدیم را نشان دادند.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; نتایج &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;بررسی ژنوتیپی بتالاکتامازهای&amp;nbsp; وسیع&#8204;الطیف &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;در جدایه های مقاوم به سفتازیدیم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; نشان داد که&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ژن&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; CTX-M &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;بیشترین فراوانی و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ژن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;GES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; کمترین فراوانی را دارد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نتیجه گیری: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که بنظر می رسد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ژن&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; CTX-M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; نقش بیشتری در مقایسه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;با سایر ژن های بتالاکتامازی مورد بررسی در مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;سودوموناس آئروژینوزا&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; دارد،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt; زیرا انتشار این ژن در جدایه های مقاوم بیشتر از سایر ژن ها بوده است.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;Background and Aim:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;causes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; numerous therapeutic&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;problems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; in patients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; due to the presence of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;various&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; effective factors in antibiotic resistance such as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; beta-lactamase enzymes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The aim of this study was to investigate &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;antibiotic resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; pattern in clinical isolates of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;frequency &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;of beta-lactamase genes of TEM, PER, SHV, CTX-M and GES &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;using &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;PCR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;antibiotic resistance pattern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; of 150 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;isolates of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; were determined &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;the Kirby-Bauer method according to CLSI standards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;frequency &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;of beta-lactamase genes of TEM, PER, SHV, CTX-M and GES in the isolates&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;was &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;evaluated&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;using PCR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; The results were analyzed with SPSS software and Pearson&amp;#39;s chi-squared test.&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; The finding of this study showed that, 52% &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;(78 isolates) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;isolates were recovered from tracheal aspirate from ICU wards. Among 150 isolates, the lowest rate of resistance was seen against cefepime (38%) and amikacin (42%). Also, most isolates (78%) showed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;a minimum inhibitory concentration of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;ge;512 &amp;micro;g/mL for ceftazidim.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The results of genotypic analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ceftazidime-resistant isolates showed that the CTX-M gene had the highest frequency and the GES gene had the lowest frequency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The results of the present study showed that the CTX-M gene seems to play a greater role in antibiotic resistance of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; compared to other beta-lactamase genes studied, because the distribution of this gene in resistant isolates was higher than other genes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>سودوموناس آئروژینوزا, مقاومت ضد میکروبی,ژن بتالاکتاماز,PCR</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial resistance, Beta-lactamase gene, PCR</keyword>
	<start_page>88</start_page>
	<end_page>98</end_page>
	<web_url>http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8358-1&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Razieh</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Nazari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>راضیه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>نظری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Razieh.nazari@iau.ac.ir</email>
	<code>5400319475328460071899</code>
	<orcid>5400319475328460071899</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Qo.C, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشیار. گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>samaneh</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>malekshahi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سمانه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>ملکشاهی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Sa.malekshahi1995@gmail.com</email>
	<code>5400319475328460071900</code>
	<orcid>0009-0005-2246-5946</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Master, Department of Microbiology, Qo.C, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. ORCID ID: 0009-0005-2246-5946 2. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Qo.C, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>کارشناس ارشد. گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Seyed Hasan</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Adeli</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سید حسن</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عادلی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>adeli@muq.ac.ir</email>
	<code>5400319475328460071901</code>
	<orcid>5400319475328460071901</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation> Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشیار گروه پزشکی داخلی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
