@ARTICLE{Shamsara, author = {Eskandarian Boroujeni, Mahdi and Alizadeh Miran, Rafieh and Afkhami, Fatemeh and Tavakol, Zeinab and Shamsara, Mehdi and }, title = {Genetically modified mice- Methods, applications and outlook}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Transgenic mice, of tengenerated by random integration of foreign genes into the mouse genome or by targeted mutation in a particular gene, have demonstrated to be a very effective tool for studying gene function in living things. In this review article, we discussed on the current methods of generating genetically-modified mice and their related problems and then investigated the new methods developed to overcome these problems. Finally, we discussed future prospects on the gene targeting. Methods & Materials: This is a review article, which has been written after searching Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Elsevier and Magiran databases by using keywords of transgenic mice, functional genetics, genetargeting, and homologous recombination. Results: This study dealt with genetic variations in a wide range, differential processing and inactivation of gene-specific isoforms, local and induced genetic changes, Cre/loxP system and some future perspectives. Conclusion: Success rate in genetic modification of mouse genome has increased dramatically, and use of knockout mice has resulted in increased knowledge of human biology and diseases. }, URL = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4570-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4570-en.pdf}, journal = {Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/sjku.24.1.24}, year = {2019} }