fa بررسی وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی و پیامدهای نارضایتی در اهداکنندگان کلیه استان کردستان پزشکی خانواده و اجتماعی Family and Social Medicine پژوهشي اصیل Original Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">زمینه و هدف</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">: </span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">در ایران، بیش از </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۹۰</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد اهداکنندگان زنده کلیه به‌دلیل مشکلات مالی و اقتصادی اقدام به اهدا می‌کنند و مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۹۷</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد این افراد فاقد انگیزه نوع‌دوستی هستند. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی و پیامدهای نارضایتی در اهداکنندگان کلیه استان کردستان بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">مواد و روش&shy;ها</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">: </span></span></b>&nbsp;<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">این مطالعه مقطعی-توصیفی بر روی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۱۵۱</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> اهداکننده کلیه در استان کردستان از ابتدای سال </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۱۳۹۴</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> تا پایان سال </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۱۳۹۸</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> انجام شد. نمونه‌ها به روش تصادفی ساده از میان پرونده‌های موجود در مرکز حمایت از بیماران کلیوی انتخاب شدند (بدون طبقه‌بندی بر اساس سن و جنس). داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته (شامل </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۳۵</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> سؤال در دو بخش اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی و اجتماعی-اقتصادی و سؤالات مرتبط با نگرش نسبت به اهدا، با امتیازدهی لیکرت </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۵</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درجه‌ای برای سنجش رضایت) جمع‌آوری گردید. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه با نظر </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۱۰</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> نفر از متخصصان و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">84/0) </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">و ضریب همبستگی درون‌خوشه‌ای (86/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt">ICC</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">) در آزمون-بازآزمون با فاصله دو هفته تأیید شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">یافته‌ها</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">از </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۱۵۱</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> شرکت‌کننده، </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۳/۵۴</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد مرد با میانگین سنی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۲۰/۹</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt">&plusmn;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۷۱/۴۱</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> سال بودند. اکثر اهداکنندگان (</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۸/۸۲</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد) مشکلات مالی را دلیل اصلی اهدا ذکر کردند و </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۲/۷۲</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد اهدا را به دیگران توصیه نمی‌کردند. رضایت کامل </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۹/۲۱</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد و نارضایتی </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۹/۱۳</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد گزارش شد که مهم‌ترین <span style="background:yellow">دلایل نارضایتی شامل عدم حل مشکل مالی (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">6/۴1</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد) و احساس کمبود در بدن (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">25</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background:yellow"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد) بود</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">. بیشتر اهداکنندگان (</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">۷/۹۰</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> درصد) فاقد بیمه تکمیلی بودند. الگوی هزینه‌کرد مبلغ دریافتی نشان داد که عمده این مبلغ صرف جبران بدهی‌های قبلی و تأمین ودیعه مسکن شده است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar="">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></b>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""> <span lang="AR-SA" style="background:yellow">نتایج نشان داد که فروش کلیه در میان اهداکنندگان استان کردستان با نارضایتی قابل‌توجه و شکایات جسمی و روانی خودگزارشی همراه است</span> و به سود اقتصادی پایدار منجر نمی‌شودبازنگری در سیاست‌های تأمین عضو با توجه به مشوق‌های مالی و ایجاد بسته‌های حمایتی جامع ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="color:#0f1115">Background and Objective:</span></strong><span style="color:#0f1115">&nbsp;In Iran, more than 90% of living kidney donors donate due to financial and economic hardships, and studies have shown that 97% of these individuals lack altruistic motives. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic status and dissatisfaction outcomes among kidney donors in Kurdistan province, Iran.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="color:#0f1115">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="color:#0f1115">&nbsp;This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 151 kidney donors in Kurdistan province from March 2015 to March 2019. Participants were selected through simple random sampling from the records available at the Kidney Patient Support Center (without stratification by age or sex). Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising 35 items across two sections: demographic and socioeconomic information, and questions related to attitudes toward donation, with a 5-point Likert scale used to assess satisfaction. Content validity was confirmed by 10 experts, and reliability was established through Cronbach&#39;s alpha coefficient (0.84) and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.86) in a two-week test-retest procedure.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="color:#0f1115">Results:</span></strong><span style="color:#0f1115">&nbsp;Of the 151 participants, 54.3% were male, with a mean age of 41.71 &plusmn; 9.20 years. The majority of donors (82.8%) cited financial problems as the main reason for donation, and 72.2% would not recommend donation to others. Complete satisfaction was reported by 21.9%, while 13.9% expressed dissatisfaction, with the most important reasons being unresolved financial issues <span style="background:yellow">(41.</span></span><span style="background:yellow"><span style="color:#0f1115">6</span></span><span style="background:yellow"><span style="color:#0f1115">%) and</span></span><span style="color:#0f1115"> a feeling of bodily deficiency (25%). Most donors (90.7%) lacked complementary health insurance. The amount received was generally at a moderate level, and it was predominantly used for debt repayment and housing expenses.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="color:#0f1115">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="color:#0f1115">&nbsp;<span style="background:yellow">The findings suggested that kidney selling among donors in Kurdistan province appears to be associated with considerable dissatisfaction as well as self-reported physical and psychological complaints,</span> and may not be related to sustainable economic benefit. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, any causal inference regarding the relationship between kidney selling and health or economic outcomes is not possible, and the findings should be considered as evidence for future longitudinal investigations. Revisiting organ procurement policies with respect to financial incentives and establishing comprehensive support packages appears to be essential.</span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; اهدای کلیه, وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی, نارضایتی, کردستان Kidney donation, Socioeconomic status, Dissatisfaction, Kurdistan. 0 0 http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4656-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammad Hadi Afkhamzadeh محمد هادی افخم زاده hafkhamzadeh@gmail.com 0009-0006-3372-4947 No Sorveh Minazadeh سروه مینه زاده serwe.minezade@gmail.com 0000-0006-5074-3621 No Amjad Mohammadi Bolbanabad امجد محمدی بلبان آباد Amohammadi1364@gmail.com 0000-0001-5567-641X No Bakhtiar Piroozi بختیار پیروزی bpiroozi@gmail.com 0009-0002-6373-5764 No Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh عبدالرحیم افخم زاده afkhama@gmail.com 3760353924 0000-0003-4496-2466 Yes دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان